部分参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/dongguolei/p/7990892.html
理论上来讲 我觉得数据类型的字节数应该是由CPU决定的,但是实际上主要由编译器决定(占多少位由编译器在编译期间说了算)。
常用数据类型对应字节数,可用如sizeof(char),sizeof(char*)等得出
32位编译器:
char :1个字节
char*(即指针变量): 4个字节(32位的寻址空间是2^32, 即32个bit,也就是4个字节。同理64位编译器就是8个字节)
short int : 2个字节
int: 4个字节
unsigned int : 4个字节
float: 4个字节
double: 8个字节
long: 4个字节
long long: 8个字节
unsigned long: 4个字节
64位编译器:
char :1个字节
char*(即指针变量): 8个字节
short int : 2个字节
int: 4个字节
unsigned int : 4个字节
float: 4个字节
double: 8个字节
long: 8个字节
long long: 8个字节
unsigned long: 8个字节
unsigned long一般跟CPU的可寻址范围的字节长度是相等的,所以Linux内核中有很多代码都是用unsigned long来替代指针,用unsigned long表示的地址一般不允许引用该地址所在的内存,如果要强制引用或者访问这片内存,则需要在unsigned long前面加上强制指针转换 (char *)unsigned long。
如果我们只是关心这个地址的值,而不是通过这个地址去访问内存,Linux内核一般使用unsigned long代替指针。比如vm_area_struct中的vm_start和vm_end。
/*
* This struct defines a memory VMM memory area. There is one of these
* per VM-area/task. A VM area is any part of the process virtual memory
* space that has a special rule for the page-fault handlers (ie a shared
* library, the executable area etc).
*/
struct vm_area_struct {
/* The first cache line has the info for VMA tree walking. */
unsigned long vm_start; /* Our start address within vm_mm. */
unsigned long vm_end; /* The first byte after our end address
within vm_mm. */
/* linked list of VM areas per task, sorted by address */
struct vm_area_struct *vm_next, *vm_prev;
struct rb_node vm_rb;
/*
* Largest free memory gap in bytes to the left of this VMA.
* Either between this VMA and vma->vm_prev, or between one of the
* VMAs below us in the VMA rbtree and its ->vm_prev. This helps
* get_unmapped_area find a free area of the right size.
*/
unsigned long rb_subtree_gap;
/* Second cache line starts here. */
struct mm_struct *vm_mm; /* The address space we belong to. */
pgprot_t vm_page_prot; /* Access permissions of this VMA. */
unsigned long vm_flags; /* Flags, see mm.h. */
/*
* For areas with an address space and backing store,
* linkage into the address_space->i_mmap interval tree.
*/
struct {
struct rb_node rb;
unsigned long rb_subtree_last;
} shared;
/*
* A file's MAP_PRIVATE vma can be in both i_mmap tree and anon_vma
* list, after a COW of one of the file pages. A MAP_SHARED vma
* can only be in the i_mmap tree. An anonymous MAP_PRIVATE, stack
* or brk vma (with NULL file) can only be in an anon_vma list.
*/
struct list_head anon_vma_chain; /* Serialized by mmap_sem &
* page_table_lock */
struct anon_vma *anon_vma; /* Serialized by page_table_lock */
/* Function pointers to deal with this struct. */
const struct vm_operations_struct *vm_ops;
/* Information about our backing store: */
unsigned long vm_pgoff; /* Offset (within vm_file) in PAGE_SIZE
units, *not* PAGE_CACHE_SIZE */
struct file * vm_file; /* File we map to (can be NULL). */
void * vm_private_data; /* was vm_pte (shared mem) */
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
struct vm_region *vm_region; /* NOMMU mapping region */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
struct mempolicy *vm_policy; /* NUMA policy for the VMA */
#endif
};