RabbitMQ:延时队列
(一):在队列上设置TTL
其中,【延时队列delay.1m.queue】配置参数如下需配置:
【生产者配置】:
package com.caox.rabbitmq.demo._15_rabbitmq_delay_query_ttl;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
/**
* Created by nazi on 2018/8/1.
* 延时队列 队列配置延时
*/
public class Producer {
private static String queue_name = "test.queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
factory.setUsername("caoxia");
factory.setPassword("caoxia123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null);
String message = "hello world!" + System.currentTimeMillis();
channel.basicPublish("delaysync.exchange", "deal.message", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("sent message: " + message + ",date:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
// 关闭频道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
【消费者配置】:
package com.caox.rabbitmq.demo._15_rabbitmq_delay_query_ttl;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
* Created by nazi on 2018/8/1.
* 延时队列 队列配置延时
*/
public class Consumer {
private static String queue_name = "test.queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
factory.setUsername("caoxia");
factory.setPassword("caoxia123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null);
// 绑定路由
channel.queueBind(queue_name, "delay.exchange", "deal.message");
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
// 指定消费队列
channel.basicConsume(queue_name, true, consumer);
while (true) {
// nextDelivery是一个阻塞方法(内部实现其实是阻塞队列的take方法)
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("received message:" + message + ",date:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
}
}
}
(二):在消息上设置TTL
【生产者配置】:
package com.caox.rabbitmq.demo._14_rabbitmq_delay_news_ttl;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* Created by nazi on 2018/8/1.
* 延时队列 消息配置延时
*/
public class ProducerUpt {
private static String queue_name = "message_ttl_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
factory.setUsername("caoxia");
factory.setPassword("caoxia123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
HashMap<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "amq.direct");
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "message_ttl_routingKey");
channel.queueDeclare("delay_queue", true, false, false, arguments);
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null);
// 绑定路由
channel.queueBind(queue_name, "amq.direct", "message_ttl_routingKey");
String message = "hello world!" + System.currentTimeMillis();
// 设置延时属性
AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder builder = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder();
// 持久性 non-persistent (1) or persistent (2)
AMQP.BasicProperties properties = builder.expiration("120000").deliveryMode(2).build();
// routingKey =delay_queue 进行转发
channel.basicPublish("", "delay_queue", properties, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("sent message: " + message + ",date:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
// 关闭频道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
【消费者配置】:
package com.caox.rabbitmq.demo._14_rabbitmq_delay_news_ttl;
import java.util.HashMap;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
* Created by nazi on 2018/8/1.
* 延时队列 消息配置延时
*/
public class ConsumerUpt {
private static String queue_name = "message_ttl_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
factory.setUsername("caoxia");
factory.setPassword("caoxia123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
HashMap<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "amq.direct");
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "message_ttl_routingKey");
channel.queueDeclare("delay_queue", true, false, false, arguments);
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null);
// 绑定路由
channel.queueBind(queue_name, "amq.direct", "message_ttl_routingKey");
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
// 指定消费队列
channel.basicConsume(queue_name, true, consumer);
while (true) {
// nextDelivery是一个阻塞方法(内部实现其实是阻塞队列的take方法)
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("received message:" + message + ",date:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
}
}
}
【结论】:
虽然 consumer 从来看不到过期的 message ,但是在过期 message 到达 queue 的头部时确实会被真正的丢弃(或者 dead-lettered )。
【在队列上设置TTL】:当对每一个 queue 设置了 TTL 值时不会产生任何问题,因为过期的 message 总是会出现在 queue 的头部。一旦消息过期,就会从队列中抹去。
【在消息上设置TTL】:当对每一条 message 设置了 TTL 时,过期的 message 可能会排队于未过期 message 的后面,直到这些消息被 consume 到或者过期了。在这种情况下,这些过期的 message 使用的资源将不会被释放,且会在 queue 统计信息中被计算进去(例如,queue 中存在的 message 的数量)。即使消息过期,也不会马上从队列中抹去,因为每条消息是否过期时在即将投递到消费者之前判定的。为什么两者得处理方法不一致?因为第一种方法里,队列中已过期的消息肯定在队列头部,RabbitMQ只要定期从队头开始扫描是否有过期消息即可,而第二种方法里,每条消息的过期时间不同,如果要删除所有过期消息,势必要扫描整个队列,所以不如等到此消息即将被消费时再判定是否过期,如果过期,再进行删除。