1、TCP:是专门设计用于在不可靠的因特网上提供可靠、端到端的字节流通信的协议。它是一种面向连接的协议。TCP连接是字节流而非报文流。
UDP:向应用程序提供一种发送封装的原始IP数据报的方法,并且发送时无需建立连接,是一种不可靠的连接。
2、java.net包中定义的两个类Socket和ServerSocket,分别用来实现双向连接的client和server端。
3、建立连接时所需的寻址信息为远程计算机的IP地址和端口号。
4、简单示例:
(1)TCP-client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class TCPClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1",5888);
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
String str = null;
dos.writeUTF("hello server!");
dos.flush();
if((str = dis.readUTF()) != null){
System.out.println(str);
System.out.println("from:"+"IP:"+s.getInetAddress()+" port:"+s.getPort());
}
dos.close();
dis.close();
s.close();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
TCP-server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class TCPServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(5888);
Socket s = ss.accept();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
String str = null;
if((str = dis.readUTF()) != null){
System.out.println(str);
System.out.println("from:"+s.getInetAddress()+s.getPort());
}
dis.close();
dos.writeUTF("hello client!");
dos.flush();
dos.close();
s.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
(2)实现client端和server端的简单通话
TCP-client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class TCPClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1",3333);
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
BufferedReader brs = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String str = null;
String strs = brs.readLine();
while(!strs.equals("byebye")){
dos.writeUTF(strs);
dos.flush();
str = dis.readUTF();
System.out.println("server:"+str);
strs = brs.readLine();
}
brs.close();
dis.close();
dos.close();
s.close();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
TCP-server
public class TCPServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(3333);
Socket s = ss.accept();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
BufferedReader brs = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
String str = dis.readUTF();
System.out.println("client:"+str);
String strs = brs.readLine();
while(!strs.equals("byebye")){
dos.writeUTF(strs);
dos.flush();
str = dis.readUTF();
System.out.println("client:"+str);
strs = brs.readLine();
}
dos.close();
brs.close();
dis.close();
s.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
(3)UDP-client
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
public class UDPClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
byte array[] = (new String("HelloWorld")).getBytes();
try {
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(array,array.length,new InetSocketAddress ("127.0.0.1",4321));
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(8888);
ds.send(dp);
ds.close();
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UDP-server
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
public class UDPServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
byte array[] = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(array,array.length);
try {
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(4321);
while(true){
ds.receive(dp);
System.out.println(new String(array,0,dp.getLength()));
}
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
(4)传递一个long型的数据
UDP-client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long num = 10000L;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream das = new DataOutputStream(baos);
DatagramPacket dp = null;
DatagramSocket ds = null;
try {
das.writeLong(num);
byte array[] = baos.toByteArray();
dp = new DatagramPacket(array,array.length,new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",4321));
ds = new DatagramSocket(8888);
ds.send(dp);
ds.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UDP-server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) {
byte array[] = new byte[1024];
long num = 0;
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(array,array.length);
ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;
DataInputStream dis = null;
try {
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(4321);
while(true){
ds.receive(dp);
bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(array);
dis = new DataInputStream(bais);
num = dis.readLong();
System.out.println(num);
}
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}