Python 3 内置函数 - `getattr()`函数

Python 3 内置函数 - getattr()函数

0. getattr()函数

返回对象的属性值。

1. 使用方法

>>> help(getattr)

# output:
Help on built-in function getattr in module builtins:

getattr(...)
	## 使用方法
    getattr(object, name[, default]) -> value
    
    Get a named attribute from an object; getattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to x.y.
    When a default argument is given, it is returned when the attribute doesn't
    exist; without it, an exception is raised in that case.

2. 使用示例

>>> class say_anything():
>>>     def __init__(self):
>>>         self.anything = "hello world."
>>> 
>>>     def say_print(self):
>>>         print(self.anything)

示例1.

>>> a = say_anything()    # 创建实列
>>> getattr(a, 'anything')   #获取属性值

# output:
'hello world.'

示例2. （属性值不存在）

>>> a = say_anything()    # 创建实列
>>> getattr(a, 'say')   #获取属性值

# output:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
/tmp/ipykernel_21846/4188064638.py in <module>
      1 # 获取属性值（属性值不存在）
----> 2 getattr(a, 'say')

AttributeError: 'say_anything' object has no attribute 'say'

示例3. （属性值不存在时，返回指定值。）

>>> a = say_anything()    # 创建实列
>>> getattr(a, 'say', '-1')   #获取属性值，不存在时返回指定值 -1.

# output:
'-1'