chapter13_显式锁_5_读写锁

• (1) ReadWriteLock是一个接口

    public interface ReadWriteLock {
  
       /**
        * Returns the lock used for reading.
        *
        * @return the lock used for reading
        */
       Lock readLock();
  
       /**
        * Returns the lock used for writing.
        *
        * @return the lock used for writing
        */
       Lock writeLock();
    }
  

  其中readLock()提供了读锁, writeLock()提供了写锁

  (2) Javadoc对ReadWriteLock含义的说明

    * A {@code ReadWriteLock} maintains a pair of associated {@link
    * Lock locks}, one for read-only operations and one for writing.
    * 
    * The {@linkplain #readLock read lock} may be held simultaneously
    * by multiple reader threads, so long as there are no writers.
    * 
    * The {@linkplain #writeLock write lock} is exclusive.
  

  (3) 对于多处理器上被频繁__读取__的数据结构, ReadWriteLock可以提高性能;

  对于其他情况, ReadWriteLock不如普通的Lock, 因为实现更复杂

  (4) 示例

    public class ReadWriteMap <K,V> {
  
        private final Map<K, V> map;
        private final ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
        private final Lock readLock = lock.readLock();
        private final Lock writeLock = lock.writeLock();
  
        public ReadWriteMap(Map<K, V> map) {
  
            this.map = map;
        }
  
        public V put(K key, V value) {
  
            writeLock.lock();
  
            try {
                return map.put(key, value);
            } finally {
                writeLock.unlock();
            }
        }
  
        public V remove(Object key) {
    
            writeLock.lock();
    
            try {
                return map.remove(key);
            } finally {
                writeLock.unlock();
            }
        }
  
        ...
  
        public V get(Object key) {
    
            readLock.lock();
  
            try {
                return map.get(key);
            } finally {
                readLock.unlock();
            }
        }
  
        public int size() {
    
            readLock.lock();
    
            try {
                return map.size();
            } finally {
                readLock.unlock();
            }
        }
  
        ...
    }
  

  (5) ReentrantReadWriteLock是ReadWriteLock的一种实现, 在它的构造函数中可以指定读写锁的策略（读/写优先？）

  (6) 上面的示例中, 所有的读操作之前都获取readLock, 所有的写操作之前都获取writeLock