springcloud之服务的负载均衡----Ribbon实现客户端负载均衡

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-21 19:03:38 发布

carson0408

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-21 19:03:38 发布

阅读量299

点赞数 1

文章标签： springcloud 负载均衡 Ribbon

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/carson0408/article/details/101001541

版权

在微服务架构中，为了解决单点故障以及高并发的情况，会引入负载均衡机制，以提升服务整体的可用性。一般负载均衡分为服务端负载均衡和客户端负载均衡。其中，springcloud生态中通过Ribbon组件来实现客户端负载均衡。

1.负载均衡策略

1.RandomRule(随机策略)

2.RoundRobinRule(轮询策略)

3.RetryRule(重试策略)

4.BestAvailableRule(最低并发策略)

5.ResponseTimeWeightedRule(响应时间加权策略)

6.ZoneAvoidanceRule(区域权衡策略)

其中最常用的两种策略是RandomRule和RoundRobinRule两种策略。接下来的示例讲解将会用实例来讲解这两种负载均衡策略。

2.示例讲解

本示例通过讲述老师微服务作为服务消费者，学生服务作为服务提供者。同时以Eureka作为注册中心。

2.1microservice-eureka工程

1.pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.carson</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-eureka</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>microservice-eureka</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.application.yml

server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false  #表示是否注册到Eureka Server
    fetchRegistry: false #是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息，集群的时候选择true，单点选择false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

3.启动类

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class MicroserviceEurekaApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceEurekaApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.2 microservice-student工程

服务提供者与服务消费者一文中的microservice-student工程，其中application.yml文件修改为如下:

server:
  port: 8085

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  jpa:
    generate-ddl: false
    show-sql: true
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: none
    datasource:
      platform: h2
      schema: classpath:schema.sql
      data: classpath:data.sql

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #Eureka Server
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #将自己的ip注册到Eureka Server上
logging:
  level:
    root: INFO
    org.hibernate: INFO
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE

2.3 microservice-teacher工程

1.pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.carson</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-teacher</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>microservice-teacher</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.application.yml

server:
  port: 8099

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-teacher
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #Eureka Server
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #将自己的ip注册到Eureka Server上

microservice-student:
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule

3.pojo类

public class Student {

    private Long studentid;
    private String studentname;
    private String grade;
    private Integer age;
    private String sex;
    public Long getStudentid() {
        return studentid;
    }

    public void setStudentid(Long studentid) {
        this.studentid = studentid;
    }

    public String getStudentname() {
        return studentname;
    }

    public void setStudentname(String studentname) {
        this.studentname = studentname;
    }

    public String getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(String grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
}

4.controller类

@RestController
public class TeacherController {
    private static final Logger logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(TeacherController.class);

    @LoadBalanced
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;


    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/student/{studentid}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Student findStudentInfo(@PathVariable Long studentid){
        logUserInstance();
        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-student/"+studentid,Student.class);
    }


    @RequestMapping(value = "/log-student-instance",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public void logUserInstance(){

        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-student");
        System.out.println("serviceId:"+serviceInstance.getServiceId()+"  host:"+serviceInstance.getHost()+"  port:"+serviceInstance.getPort());

        TeacherController.logger.info("{}:{}:{}",serviceInstance.getServiceId(),serviceInstance.getHost(),serviceInstance.getPort());
    }

}

5.启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceTeacherApplication {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceTeacherApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.4 运行服务

首先启动microservice-eureka服务，作为服务注册中心。然后启动三个microservice-student实例，端口分别为8088、8085、8086,最后启动microservice-teacher服务。打开链接http://localhost:8761/ 可以看到下图所示的服务列表：

由microservice-teacher工程中 application.yml文件可以看出使用的RoundRobinRule策略，轮询策略，那么在浏览器输入以下url:http://localhost:8099/student/10001,并且多次访问，得到如下结果:

修改microservice-teacher工程的application.xml ，将策略修改为RandomRule，然后重启该工程，在浏览器中多次请求：http://localhost:8099/student/10001，得到下图结果。

通过以上示例可以知道，负载均衡策略机制的用处，一个服务多个实例，使用负载均衡机制，可以有削峰的作用，避免单点故障。

carson0408

关注

1
点赞
踩
2

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
springcloud之服务的负载均衡----Ribbon实现客户端负载均衡

在微服务架构中，为了解决单点故障以及高并发的情况，会引入负载均衡机制，以提升服务整体的可用性。一般负载均衡分为服务端负载均衡和客户端负载均衡。其中，springcloud生态中通过Ribbon组件来实现客户端负载均衡。1.负载均衡策略1.RandomRule(随机策略)2.RoundRobinRule(轮询策略)3.RetryRule(重试策略)4.BestAv...
复制链接

扫一扫