OracleRAC 安装配置过程中的问题

OS RHAS 3.2 DB 9204

在RAC的安装配置过程中，虽然是严格仔细按照文档来实施，但还是出现不少问题，现整理出来。

现象一 ：

在节点一安装数据库的时候出现以下错误

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ sqlplus "/nolog"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Feb 23 14:09:08 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile="/home/oracle/9.2.0.4/dbs/init.ora"
ORA-00444: background process "LMD0" failed while starting
ORA-07446: sdnfy: bad value '' for parameter .
SQL> exit
Disconnected

查找了错误原因

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ oerr ora 444
00444, 00000, "background process "%s" failed while starting"
// *Cause: Usually due to a bad (or non-existent) background process image.
// *Action: Get a good background process image.

竟然是LMD0进程有问题，重新分析了一下参数文件，没有发现有错误的地方，于是怀疑在安装的过程中出现问题。
尝试在节点二创建数据库，

[oracle@rac2 dbs]$ sqlplus "/nolog"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Feb 23 14:20:32 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile="/home/oracle/9.2.0.4/dbs/init.ora"
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 319923400 bytes
Fixed Size 451784 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 704512 bytes

使用一样的参数文件，在节点二却是可以的，这说明推断还是正确的。

现象二：

从节点二创建数据库成功，然后在节点一启动数据库

SQL> startup mount pfile="/home/oracle/9.2.0.4/dbs/init.ora"
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 319923400 bytes
Fixed Size 451784 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 704512 bytes
ORA-00439: feature not enabled: Real Application Clusters

以上错误，我平台是RH AS3.2，DB是企业版的9204，所以不会是版本出现问题。在节点一安装的过程中，发现
$ srvconfig -init 这个命令不能使用，应该是某些组件还没有安装好，删除后重装，保留共享磁盘上节点一的REDO和UNDO数据文件，然后直接在节点一进行startup mount pfile="/home/oracle/9.2.0.4/dbs/init.ora"，这下成功了。

小插曲：在节点一MOUNT的过程中，还出现报控制文件出错的，很纳闷，节点二和节点一用的是同样的参数文件，后来发现是参数文件中，控制文件部分有换行的错误，重新整理后，错误就解决了。

现象三 监听的配置

监听的配置耗了一个上午的时间折腾，按照文档去配置，就是不行。。其间有时候监听可以起来，但是建了TEST用户，执行sqlplus test/test@rac 报错

[oracle@rac2 admin]$ sqlplus test/test@rac2

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Feb 24 14:09:13 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener could not resolve SERVICE_NAME given in connect
descriptor

说明监听还是配置不正确，监听配置的成功必须辅以tnsping rac 这个命令成功执行为准，下面是最后我两个节点的配置参数

节点一：

listener.ora

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/9.2.0.4)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/9.2.0.4)
(SID_NAME = rac1)
)
)

tnsnames.ora

LISTENERS_RAC =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1522))
)

LISTENER_RAC1 =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))

LISTENER_RAC2 =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1521))

RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
(INSTANCE_NAME = rac1)
)
)

RAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
(INSTANCE_NAME = rac2)
)
)

RAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = on)
(FAILOVER = on)
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
)
)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)

节点二：

listener.ora

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/9.2.0.4)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/9.2.0.4)
(SID_NAME = rac2)
)
)

tnsnames.ora

LISTENERS_RAC =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1521))
)

LISTENER_RAC2 =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1521))

LISTENER_RAC1 =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))

RAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
(INSTANCE_NAME = rac2)
)
)

RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
(INSTANCE_NAME = rac1)
)
)

RAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = on)
(FAILOVER = on)
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
)
)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)

在监听配置的过程中，还出现这样一个现象，发现在节点二上无论怎么配置都出现以下故障

[oracle@rac2 admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-FEB-2006 14:40:20

Copyright (c) 1991, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Starting /home/oracle/9.2.0.4/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/9.2.0.4/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/9.2.0.4/network/log/listener.log
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rac2)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12542: TNS:address already in use
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00512: Address already in use
Linux Error: 98: Address already in use

Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

起初以为是端口的问题，更改了监听的端口，监听是成功了。但是后来想想，两台不同的机器，怎么会可能存在地址占用呢，于是又去搜索故障原因，检查配置文件，最后 netstat -lpn发现有个1521的端口一直开着，却什么事情也不干，于是强制把这个进程给KILL掉，再重新配置，成功！