数据库(Mysql) 基础详解---(三)

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分类专栏： Mysql 文章标签：数据库 mysql sql

于 2022-07-28 16:00:50 首次发布

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数据库(Mysql) 基础详解—(二)

前言

第三篇来了，希望对大家能有所帮助

提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、把查询结果去除重复记录【distinct】

注意：原表数据不会被修改，只是查询结果去重。
去重需要使用一个关键字: distinct

mysql> select distinct job from emp;
	+-----------+
	| job       |
	+-----------+
	| CLERK     |
	| SALESMAN  |
	| MANAGER   |
	| ANALYST   |
	| PRESIDENT |
	+-----------+

// 这样编写是错误的，语法错误。
// distinct只能出现在所有字段的最前方。
mysql> select ename,distinct job from emp;

// distinct出现在job,deptno两个字段之前，表示两个字段联合起来去重。
mysql> select distinct job,deptno from emp;
	+-----------+--------+
	| job       | deptno |
	+-----------+--------+
	| CLERK     |     20 |
	| SALESMAN  |     30 |
	| MANAGER   |     20 |
	| MANAGER   |     30 |
	| MANAGER   |     10 |
	| ANALYST   |     20 |
	| PRESIDENT |     10 |
	| CLERK     |     30 |
	| CLERK     |     10 |
	+-----------+--------+

统计一下工作岗位的数量？
	select count(distinct job) from emp;
		+---------------------+
		| count(distinct job) |
		+---------------------+
		|                   5 |
		+---------------------+

二、连接查询

1.什么是连接查询？

从一张表中单独查询，称为单表查询。
emp表和dept表联合起来查询数据，从emp表中取员工名字，从dept表中取部门名字。
这种跨表查询，多张表联合起来查询数据，被称为连接查询。

2.连接查询的分类？

根据语法的年代分类：
	SQL92：1992年的时候出现的语法
	SQL99：1999年的时候出现的语法

根据表连接的方式分类：
	内连接：
		等值连接
		非等值连接
		自连接

外连接：
	左外连接（左连接）
	右外连接（右连接）

全连接

3.当两张表进行连接查询时，没有任何条件的限制会发生什么现象？

案例：查询每个员工所在部门名称？
mysql> select ename,deptno from emp;
	+--------+--------+
	| ename  | deptno |
	+--------+--------+
	| SMITH  |     20 |
	| ALLEN  |     30 |
	| WARD   |     30 |
	| JONES  |     20 |
	| MARTIN |     30 |
	| BLAKE  |     30 |
	| CLARK  |     10 |
	| SCOTT  |     20 |
	| KING   |     10 |
	| TURNER |     30 |
	| ADAMS  |     20 |
	| JAMES  |     30 |
	| FORD   |     20 |
	| MILLER |     10 |
	+--------+--------+
mysql> select * from dept;
	+--------+------------+----------+
	| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
	+--------+------------+----------+
	|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
	|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
	|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
	|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
	+--------+------------+----------+

两张表连接没有任何条件限制：
select ename,dname from emp, dept;
	+--------+------------+
	| ename  | dname      |
	+--------+------------+
	| SMITH  | ACCOUNTING |
	| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
	| SMITH  | SALES      |
	| SMITH  | OPERATIONS |
	| ALLEN  | ACCOUNTING |
	| ALLEN  | RESEARCH   |
	| ALLEN  | SALES      |
	| ALLEN  | OPERATIONS |
	...
	56 rows in set (0.00 sec)
	14 * 4 = 56

当两张表进行连接查询，没有任何条件限制的时候，最终查询结果条数，是
两张表条数的乘积，这种现象被称为：笛卡尔积现象。（笛卡尔发现的，这是
一个数学现象。）

4.怎么避免笛卡尔积现象？

 连接时加条件，满足这个条件的记录被筛选出来！
	select 
		ename,dname 
	from 
		emp, dept
	where
		emp.deptno = dept.deptno;

select 
	emp.ename,dept.dname 
from 
	emp, dept
where
	emp.deptno = dept.deptno;

// 表起别名。很重要。效率问题。
select 
	e.ename,d.dname 
from 
	emp e, dept d
where
	e.deptno = d.deptno; //SQL92语法。

	+--------+------------+
	| ename  | dname      |
	+--------+------------+
	| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
	| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
	| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
	| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
	| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
	| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
	| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
	| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
	| ALLEN  | SALES      |
	| WARD   | SALES      |
	| MARTIN | SALES      |
	| BLAKE  | SALES      |
	| TURNER | SALES      |
	| JAMES  | SALES      |
	+--------+------------+

思考：最终查询的结果条数是14条，但是匹配的过程中，匹配的次数减少了吗？
	还是56次，只不过进行了四选一。次数没有减少。

注意：通过笛卡尔积现象得出，表的连接次数越多效率越低，尽量避免表的连接次数。

5.内连接之等值连接。

案例：查询每个员工所在部门名称，显示员工名和部门名？
emp e和dept d表进行连接。条件是：e.deptno = d.deptno

SQL92语法：
	select 
		e.ename,d.dname
	from
		emp e, dept d
	where
		e.deptno = d.deptno;
sql92的缺点：结构不清晰，表的连接条件，和后期进一步筛选的条件，都放到了where后面。
SQL99语法：
	select 
		e.ename,d.dname
	from
		emp e
	join
		dept d
	on
		e.deptno = d.deptno;
		//inner可以省略（带着inner可读性更好！！！一眼就能看出来是内连接）
select 
	e.ename,d.dname
from
	emp e
inner join
	dept d
on
	e.deptno = d.deptno; // 条件是等量关系，所以被称为等值连接。
	
sql99优点：表连接的条件是独立的，连接之后，如果还需要进一步筛选，再往后继续添加where
	
	SQL99语法：
		select 
			...
		from
			a
		join
			b
		on
			a和b的连接条件
		where
			筛选条件

6、内连接之非等值连接

案例：找出每个员工的薪资等级，要求显示员工名、薪资、薪资等级？
mysql> select * from emp; e
	+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
	| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
	+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
	|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
	|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
	|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
	|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
....

mysql> select * from salgrade; s
	+-------+-------+-------+
	| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
	+-------+-------+-------+
	|     1 |   700 |  1200 |
	|     2 |  1201 |  1400 |
	|     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
	|     4 |  2001 |  3000 |
	|     5 |  3001 |  9999 |
	+-------+-------+-------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------
select 
	e.ename, e.sal, s.grade
from
	emp e
join
	salgrade s
on
	e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal; // 条件不是一个等量关系，称为非等值连接。	
----------------------------------------------------------------

select 
	e.ename, e.sal, s.grade
from
	emp e
inner join
	salgrade s
on
	e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
	+--------+---------+-------+
	| ename  | sal     | grade |
	+--------+---------+-------+
	| SMITH  |  800.00 |     1 |
	| ALLEN  | 1600.00 |     3 |
	| WARD   | 1250.00 |     2 |
	| JONES  | 2975.00 |     4 |
	| MARTIN | 1250.00 |     2 |
	| BLAKE  | 2850.00 |     4 |
	| CLARK  | 2450.00 |     4 |
	| SCOTT  | 3000.00 |     4 |
	| KING   | 5000.00 |     5 |
	| TURNER | 1500.00 |     3 |
	| ADAMS  | 1100.00 |     1 |
	| JAMES  |  950.00 |     1 |
	| FORD   | 3000.00 |     4 |
	| MILLER | 1300.00 |     2 |
	+--------+---------+-------+

7、内连接之自连接

案例：查询员工的上级领导，要求显示员工名和对应的领导名？
mysql> select empno,ename,mgr from emp;
	+-------+--------+------+
	| empno | ename  | mgr  |
	+-------+--------+------+
	|  7369 | SMITH  | 7902 |
	|  7499 | ALLEN  | 7698 |
	|  7521 | WARD   | 7698 |
	|  7566 | JONES  | 7839 |
	|  7654 | MARTIN | 7698 |
	|  7698 | BLAKE  | 7839 |
	|  7782 | CLARK  | 7839 |
	|  7788 | SCOTT  | 7566 |
	|  7839 | KING   | NULL |
	|  7844 | TURNER | 7698 |
	|  7876 | ADAMS  | 7788 |
	|  7900 | JAMES  | 7698 |
	|  7902 | FORD   | 7566 |
	|  7934 | MILLER | 7782 |
	+-------+--------+------+
技巧：一张表看成两张表。
emp a 员工表
	+-------+--------+------+
	| empno | ename  | mgr  |
	+-------+--------+------+
	|  7369 | SMITH  | 7902 |
	|  7499 | ALLEN  | 7698 |
	|  7521 | WARD   | 7698 |
	|  7566 | JONES  | 7839 |
	|  7654 | MARTIN | 7698 |
	|  7698 | BLAKE  | 7839 |
	|  7782 | CLARK  | 7839 |
	|  7788 | SCOTT  | 7566 |
	|  7839 | KING   | NULL |
	|  7844 | TURNER | 7698 |
	|  7876 | ADAMS  | 7788 |
	|  7900 | JAMES  | 7698 |
	|  7902 | FORD   | 7566 |
	|  7934 | MILLER | 7782 |
	+-------+--------+------+

emp b 领导表
	+-------+--------+------+
	| empno | ename  | mgr  |
	+-------+--------+------+
	|  7369 | SMITH  | 7902 |
	|  7499 | ALLEN  | 7698 |
	|  7521 | WARD   | 7698 |
	|  7566 | JONES  | 7839 |
	|  7654 | MARTIN | 7698 |
	|  7698 | BLAKE  | 7839 |
	|  7782 | CLARK  | 7839 |
	|  7788 | SCOTT  | 7566 |
	|  7839 | KING   | NULL |
	|  7844 | TURNER | 7698 |
	|  7876 | ADAMS  | 7788 |
	|  7900 | JAMES  | 7698 |
	|  7902 | FORD   | 7566 |
	|  7934 | MILLER | 7782 |
	+-------+--------+------+

select 
	a.ename as '员工名', b.ename as '领导名'
from
	emp a
join
	emp b
on
	a.mgr = b.empno; //员工的领导编号 = 领导的员工编号

	+--------+--------+
	| 员工名 | 领导名|
	+--------+--------+
	| SMITH  | FORD   |
	| ALLEN  | BLAKE  |
	| WARD   | BLAKE  |
	| JONES  | KING   |
	| MARTIN | BLAKE  |
	| BLAKE  | KING   |
	| CLARK  | KING   |
	| SCOTT  | JONES  |
	| TURNER | BLAKE  |
	| ADAMS  | SCOTT  |
	| JAMES  | BLAKE  |
	| FORD   | JONES  |
	| MILLER | CLARK  |
	+--------+--------+

13条记录，没有KING。《内连接》
以上就是内连接中的：自连接，技巧：一张表看做两张表。

8.外连接

mysql> select * from emp; e
	+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
	| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
	+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
	|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
	|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
	|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
	|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
	|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
	|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
	|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
	|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
	|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
	|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
	|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
	|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
	|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
	|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
	+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
mysql> select * from dept; d
	+--------+------------+----------+
	| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
	+--------+------------+----------+
	|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
	|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
	|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
	|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
	+--------+------------+----------+

内连接：（A和B连接，AB两张表没有主次关系。平等的。）

select 
	e.ename,d.dname
from
	emp e
join
	dept d
on
	e.deptno = d.deptno; //内连接的特点：完成能够匹配上这个条件的数据查询出来。

	+--------+------------+
	| ename  | dname      |
	+--------+------------+
	| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
	| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
	| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
	| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
	| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
	| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
	| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
	| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
	| ALLEN  | SALES      |
	| WARD   | SALES      |
	| MARTIN | SALES      |
	| BLAKE  | SALES      |
	| TURNER | SALES      |
	| JAMES  | SALES      |
	+--------+------------+

外连接（右外连接）：

select 
	e.ename,d.dname
from
	emp e 
right join 
	dept d
on
	e.deptno = d.deptno;

// outer是可以省略的，带着可读性强。
select 
	e.ename,d.dname
from
	emp e 
right outer join 
	dept d
on
	e.deptno = d.deptno;

right代表什么：表示将join关键字右边的这张表看成主表，主要是为了将
这张表的数据全部查询出来，捎带着关联查询左边的表。

在外连接当中，两张表连接，产生了主次关系。

外连接（左外连接）：

select 
	e.ename,d.dname
from
	dept d 
left join 
	emp e
on
	e.deptno = d.deptno;

// outer是可以省略的，带着可读性强。
select 
	e.ename,d.dname
from
	dept d 
left outer join 
	emp e
on
	e.deptno = d.deptno;

带有right的是右外连接，又叫做右连接。
带有left的是左外连接，又叫做左连接。
任何一个右连接都有左连接的写法。
任何一个左连接都有右连接的写法。

+--------+------------+
| ename  | dname      |
+--------+------------+
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |
| WARD   | SALES      |
| MARTIN | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |
| TURNER | SALES      |
| JAMES  | SALES      |
| NULL   | OPERATIONS |
+--------+------------+

思考：外连接的查询结果条数一定是 >= 内连接的查询结果条数？

案例：查询每个员工的上级领导，要求显示所有员工的名字和领导名？
	select 
		a.ename as '员工名', b.ename as '领导名'
	from
		emp a
	left join
		emp b
	on
		a.mgr = b.empno; 

	+--------+--------+
	| 员工名  | 领导名  |
	+--------+--------+
	| SMITH  | FORD   |
	| ALLEN  | BLAKE  |
	| WARD   | BLAKE  |
	| JONES  | KING   |
	| MARTIN | BLAKE  |
	| BLAKE  | KING   |
	| CLARK  | KING   |
	| SCOTT  | JONES  |
	| KING   | NULL   |
	| TURNER | BLAKE  |
	| ADAMS  | SCOTT  |
	| JAMES  | BLAKE  |
	| FORD   | JONES  |
	| MILLER | CLARK  |
	+--------+--------+

9.三张表，四张表怎么连接？

语法：
		select 
			...
		from
			a
		join
			b
		on
			a和b的连接条件
		join
			c
		on
			a和c的连接条件
		right join
			d
		on
			a和d的连接条件

	一条SQL中内连接和外连接可以混合。都可以出现！

案例：找出每个员工的部门名称以及工资等级，
要求显示员工名、部门名、薪资、薪资等级？

select 
	e.ename,e.sal,d.dname,s.grade
from
	emp e
join
	dept d
on 
	e.deptno = d.deptno
join
	salgrade s
on
	e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;

	+--------+---------+------------+-------+
	| ename  | sal     | dname      | grade |
	+--------+---------+------------+-------+
	| SMITH  |  800.00 | RESEARCH   |     1 |
	| ALLEN  | 1600.00 | SALES      |     3 |
	| WARD   | 1250.00 | SALES      |     2 |
	| JONES  | 2975.00 | RESEARCH   |     4 |
	| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES      |     2 |
	| BLAKE  | 2850.00 | SALES      |     4 |
	| CLARK  | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING |     4 |
	| SCOTT  | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |     4 |
	| KING   | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING |     5 |
	| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES      |     3 |
	| ADAMS  | 1100.00 | RESEARCH   |     1 |
	| JAMES  |  950.00 | SALES      |     1 |
	| FORD   | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |     4 |
	| MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING |     2 |
	+--------+---------+------------+-------+

案例：找出每个员工的部门名称以及工资等级，还有上级领导，
要求显示员工名、领导名、部门名、薪资、薪资等级？

select 
	e.ename,e.sal,d.dname,s.grade,l.ename
from
	emp e
join
	dept d
on 
	e.deptno = d.deptno
join
	salgrade s
on
	e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
left join
	emp l
on
	e.mgr = l.empno;

	+--------+---------+------------+-------+-------+
	| ename  | sal     | dname      | grade | ename |
	+--------+---------+------------+-------+-------+
	| SMITH  |  800.00 | RESEARCH   |     1 | FORD  |
	| ALLEN  | 1600.00 | SALES      |     3 | BLAKE |
	| WARD   | 1250.00 | SALES      |     2 | BLAKE |
	| JONES  | 2975.00 | RESEARCH   |     4 | KING  |
	| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES      |     2 | BLAKE |
	| BLAKE  | 2850.00 | SALES      |     4 | KING  |
	| CLARK  | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING |     4 | KING  |
	| SCOTT  | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |     4 | JONES |
	| KING   | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING |     5 | NULL  |
	| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES      |     3 | BLAKE |
	| ADAMS  | 1100.00 | RESEARCH   |     1 | SCOTT |
	| JAMES  |  950.00 | SALES      |     1 | BLAKE |
	| FORD   | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |     4 | JONES |
	| MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING |     2 | CLARK |
	+--------+---------+------------+-------+-------+

三、子查询？

1.什么是子查询？

select语句中嵌套select语句，被嵌套的select语句称为子查询。

2.子查询都可以出现在哪里呢？

	select
		..(select).
	from
		..(select).
	where
		..(select).

3.where子句中的子查询

案例：找出比最低工资高的员工姓名和工资？
	select 
		ename,sal
	from
		emp 
	where
		sal > min(sal);

	ERROR 1111 (HY000): Invalid use of group function
	where子句中不能直接使用分组函数。

实现思路：
	第一步：查询最低工资是多少
		select min(sal) from emp;
			+----------+
			| min(sal) |
			+----------+
			|   800.00 |
			+----------+
	第二步：找出>800的
		select ename,sal from emp where sal > 800;
	
	第三步：合并
		select ename,sal from emp where sal > (select min(sal) from emp);
			+--------+---------+
			| ename  | sal     |
			+--------+---------+
			| ALLEN  | 1600.00 |
			| WARD   | 1250.00 |
			| JONES  | 2975.00 |
			| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
			| BLAKE  | 2850.00 |
			| CLARK  | 2450.00 |
			| SCOTT  | 3000.00 |
			| KING   | 5000.00 |
			| TURNER | 1500.00 |
			| ADAMS  | 1100.00 |
			| JAMES  |  950.00 |
			| FORD   | 3000.00 |
			| MILLER | 1300.00 |
			+--------+---------+

4.from子句中的子查询

注意：from后面的子查询，可以将子查询的查询结果当做一张临时表。（技巧)

案例：找出每个岗位的平均工资的薪资等级。

第一步：找出每个岗位的平均工资（按照岗位分组求平均值）
	select job,avg(sal) from emp group by job;
		+-----------+-------------+
		| job       | avgsal      |
		+-----------+-------------+
		| ANALYST   | 3000.000000 |
		| CLERK     | 1037.500000 |
		| MANAGER   | 2758.333333 |
		| PRESIDENT | 5000.000000 |
		| SALESMAN  | 1400.000000 |
		+-----------+-------------+t表

第二步：克服心理障碍，把以上的查询结果就当做一张真实存在的表t。
mysql> select * from salgrade; s表
	+-------+-------+-------+
	| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
	+-------+-------+-------+
	|     1 |   700 |  1200 |
	|     2 |  1201 |  1400 |
	|     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
	|     4 |  2001 |  3000 |
	|     5 |  3001 |  9999 |
	+-------+-------+-------+
t表和s表进行表连接，条件：t表avg(sal) between s.losal and s.hisal;
	
	select 
		t.*, s.grade
	from
		(select job,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by job) t
	join
		salgrade s
	on
		t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal;
	
		+-----------+-------------+-------+
		| job       | avgsal      | grade |
		+-----------+-------------+-------+
		| CLERK     | 1037.500000 |     1 |
		| SALESMAN  | 1400.000000 |     2 |
		| ANALYST   | 3000.000000 |     4 |
		| MANAGER   | 2758.333333 |     4 |
		| PRESIDENT | 5000.000000 |     5 |
		+-----------+-------------+-------+

5.select后面出现的子查询

案例：找出每个员工的部门名称，要求显示员工名，部门名？
	select 
		e.ename,e.deptno,(select d.dname from dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno) as dname 
	from 
		emp e;
	+--------+--------+------------+
	| ename  | deptno | dname      |
	+--------+--------+------------+
	| SMITH  |     20 | RESEARCH   |
	| ALLEN  |     30 | SALES      |
	| WARD   |     30 | SALES      |
	| JONES  |     20 | RESEARCH   |
	| MARTIN |     30 | SALES      |
	| BLAKE  |     30 | SALES      |
	| CLARK  |     10 | ACCOUNTING |
	| SCOTT  |     20 | RESEARCH   |
	| KING   |     10 | ACCOUNTING |
	| TURNER |     30 | SALES      |
	| ADAMS  |     20 | RESEARCH   |
	| JAMES  |     30 | SALES      |
	| FORD   |     20 | RESEARCH   |
	| MILLER |     10 | ACCOUNTING |
	+--------+--------+------------+

//错误：ERROR 1242 (21000): Subquery returns more than 1 row
select 
	e.ename,e.deptno,(select dname from dept) as dname
from
	emp e;

注意：对于select后面的子查询来说，这个子查询只能一次返回1条结果，多于1条，就报错了。！

总结

篇幅略有些长，所以内容分为两次
下一篇：数据库(Mysql) 基础详解—(四)

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数据库(Mysql) 基础详解---(三)

下面案例可供参考从一张表中单独查询，称为单表查询。emp表和dept表联合起来查询数据，从emp表中取员工名字，从dept表中取部门名字。这种跨表查询，多张表联合起来查询数据，被称为连接查询。select语句中嵌套select语句，被嵌套的select语句称为子查询。篇幅略有些长，所以内容分为两次。......
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