一、最大信号法原理
无线电测向在辐射源寻的、导航和定位方面有广泛的用途。测向原理主要包括最小信号法,最大信号法,振幅比较法和相位法。其中,最大信号测向法的原理是利用天线的波束宽度,以一定的速度在测角范围内进行搜索,当收到的通信信号能量最强时,天线的最大接收方向就是通信辐射源信号的到达方向。
二、Matlab程序
1.代码
代码如下:
%--------------Function:Measure Direction----------------
%--------------Remark: Use Maxmum Signal
%--------------Data:2024.07.30----------------------------------
%--------------Author:Clemence----------------------------------
clc;
clear all;
close all;
%-----Signal Paras-------
f = 14e6; % Signal Frequency
phase = 0; % Initial Phase
a = 1; % Amplitude
b = 0; % Offs
%-----Sample Paras-------
N=4096; % Sample Points
Fs = 100e6; % Sample Frequency
ts = 1/Fs; % Sample Interval
t = 0:ts:(N-1)*ts; % Sample Time
%-----Direction Singal-----------------
theta_s = [-30 30 60]; % Angle
derad = pi/180; % Decimal radian
M = 3; % Signal Num
K = 8; % Aarry Element Num
dd = 0.5; % Aarry Element Interval
d = 0:dd:(K-1)*dd;
A = exp(-1i*2*pi*d.'*sin(theta_s*derad)); % Directioin
offs = 1e3;
for count=1:M
S(count,:) = a*cos(2*pi*(f+count*offs)*t+phase)+b;
end
%-----create signals---------------------
x = A*S;
snr = 5;
X = awgn(x,snr);
%------calculate energy of every angle---------------------
step = 1; % Search step
range = 180; % Search range
theta_r = 90; % Max angle
theta = (theta_r-range):step:theta_r;
for k=1:length(theta)
W = exp(-1i*2*pi*d.'*sin(theta(k)*derad)); % Directioin
y = W'*X;
E(k) = y*y';
end
%------search maxmum energy angle---------------------
[pks,locs] = findpeaks(E);
[sort_pks] = sort(pks,'descend');
for i=1:M
inx = find (sort_pks(i)==E)
e_angle(i) = theta(inx);
str{i} = ['angle',num2str(i),': ',num2str(e_angle(i))];
end
%-----plot angle range -------------------------------------
figure;
plot(theta,10*log10(E/max(E)));
hold on;
h = stem(e_angle,10*log10(pks(1:M)/max(E)));
grid on;
xlabel('ang');
ylabel('energy');
title('Estimate Source Direction(SNR=5)');
text(63,-1,str,'color','red');
2.仿真结果
仿真结果如下:
三、结果分析
本示例中模拟3个信源,分别以入射角-30,30,60达到天线,通过改变天线扫描的范围均可测量出信源方向,扫描范围越小,测量所需的时间越短。