PowerMock

于 2021-08-29 23:14:21 发布
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前言

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1 PowerMock基本介绍

1.1 被测试类：

User.class

package com.lanshang.common;

public class User {
}

UserDao.class

package com.lanshang.helloworld.dao;

import com.lanshang.common.User;

public class UserDao {
    public void insertUser(User user){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public int getCount(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

UserService.class

package com.lanshang.helloworld.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.helloworld.dao.UserDao;

public class UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserService(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public void insertUser(User user){
        userDao.insertUser(user);
    }

    public int getCount(){
        return userDao.getCount();
    }
}

1.2 基本用法

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>powerMock_study</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-module-junit4 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.5</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-api-mockito -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.5</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

package com.lanshang.helloworld.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.helloworld.dao.UserDao;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;

import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedSourceVersion;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class UserServiceTest {
    UserDao userDao;
    UserService userService;
    @Before
    public void init(){
        userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        userService = new UserService(userDao);
    }

    @Test
    public void testInsertUser() {
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(userDao).insertUser(Mockito.anyObject());
        User user = new User();
        userService.insertUser(user);
        Mockito.verify(userDao,Mockito.times(1)).insertUser(user);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetCount() {
        PowerMockito.when(userService.getCount()).thenReturn(2);
        int count = userService.getCount();
        assertEquals(2,count);
    }
}

2 Mock局部变量

2.1 要点

  • 要在测试类上加注释
    • @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
    • @PrepareForTest({局部变量所在方法的类名.class})
    • PowerMockito.whenNew().withAnyArguments().thenReturn();

2.2 被测试基础类

UserDao.class

package com.lanshang.local.dao;

import com.lanshang.common.User;

public class UserDao {
    public void insertUser(User user){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public int getCount(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

UserService.class

package com.lanshang.local.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.local.dao.UserDao;

public class UserService {

    public UserService() {

    }

    public void insertUser(User user){
        UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
        userDao.insertUser(user);
    }

    public int getCount(){
        UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
        return userDao.getCount();
    }
}

2.3 mock局部变量测试

package com.lanshang.local.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.local.dao.UserDao;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({UserService.class})
public class UserServiceTest {
    private UserService userService;
    @Before
    public void init(){
        userService = new UserService();
    }

    @Test
    public void insertUser() {
        User user = new User();
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        try {
            PowerMockito.whenNew(UserDao.class).withAnyArguments().thenReturn(userDao);
            PowerMockito.doNothing().when(userDao).insertUser(Mockito.anyObject());
            userService.insertUser(user);
            Mockito.verify(userDao,Mockito.times(1)).insertUser(user);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void getCount() {
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        try {
            PowerMockito.whenNew(UserDao.class).withAnyArguments().thenReturn(userDao);
            PowerMockito.when(userService.getCount()).thenReturn(1);
            int count = userService.getCount();
            assertEquals(1,count);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3 Mock静态方法

3.1 要点

  • PowerMockito.mockStatic(UserDao.class);

3.2 被测试基础类

UserDao.class

package com.lanshang.mockstatic.dao;

import com.lanshang.common.User;

public class UserDao {
    public static void insertUser(User user){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public static int getCount(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

UserService.class

package com.lanshang.mockstatic.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.mockstatic.dao.UserDao;

public class UserService {

    public void insertUser(User user){
        UserDao.insertUser(user);
    }

    public int getCount(){
        return UserDao.getCount();
    }
}

3.3 mock静态方法测试

package com.lanshang.mockstatic.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.mockstatic.dao.UserDao;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({UserService.class,UserDao.class})
public class UserServiceTest {
    UserService userService;
    @Before
    public void init(){
        userService = new UserService();
    }

    @Test
    public void insertUser() {
        User user = new User();
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(UserDao.class);
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(UserDao.class,"insertUser",anyObject());
        userService.insertUser(user);
        //PowerMockito.verifyStatic();
        PowerMockito.verifyStatic(Mockito.times(1));
    }

    @Test
    public void getCount() {
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(UserDao.class);
        PowerMockito.when(UserDao.getCount()).thenReturn(1);
        int count = UserDao.getCount();
        assertEquals(1,count);
    }
}

4 Mock final修饰的类

4.1 要点

  • 如果需要Mock被final修饰的类的对象，用PowerMockito.mock（）就好，其他用法与Mockito一样。

4.2 被测试基础类

UserDao.class

package com.lanshang.mockfinal.dao;

import com.lanshang.common.User;

public final class UserDao {
    public void insertUser(User user){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public int getCount(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

UserService.class

package com.lanshang.mockfinal.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.mockfinal.dao.UserDao;

public class UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserService(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public void insertUser(User user){
        userDao.insertUser(user);
    }

    public int getCount(){
        return userDao.getCount();
    }
}

4.3 mock final修饰的类

package com.lanshang.mockfinal.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.mockfinal.dao.UserDao;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({UserDao.class,UserService.class})
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void insertUser() {
        User user = new User();
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        UserService userService = new UserService(userDao);
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(userDao).insertUser(Mockito.anyObject());
        userService.insertUser(user);
        Mockito.verify(userDao,Mockito.times(1)).insertUser(user);
    }

    @Test
    public void getCount() {
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        UserService userService = new UserService(userDao);
        PowerMockito.when(userDao.getCount()).thenReturn(1);
        int count = userService.getCount();
        assertEquals(1,count);
    }
}

5 Verify的使用

5.1 要点

  • Mockito.verify(userDao,Mockito.times(1)).insertUser(Mockito.anyObject());

5.2 被测试基础类

UserDao.class

package com.lanshang.verify.dao;

import com.lanshang.common.User;

public class UserDao {
    public void updateUser(User user){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public void insertUser(User user){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public int getUser(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

UserService.class

package com.lanshang.verify.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.verify.dao.UserDao;

public class UserService {
    
    public void saveOrUpdate(User user){
        UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
        if(userDao.getUser()==0){
            userDao.insertUser(user);
        }else{
            userDao.updateUser(user);
        }

    }
}

5.3 测试类

package com.lanshang.verify.service;

import com.lanshang.common.User;
import com.lanshang.verify.dao.UserDao;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({UserService.class})
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void saveOrUpdate() {
        UserService userService = new UserService();
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        try {
            PowerMockito.whenNew(UserDao.class).withAnyArguments().thenReturn(userDao);
            PowerMockito.when(userDao.getUser()).thenReturn(0);
            userService.saveOrUpdate(new User());
            Mockito.verify(userDao,Mockito.times(1)).insertUser(Mockito.anyObject());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void saveOrUpdate1() {
        UserService userService = new UserService();
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        try {
            PowerMockito.whenNew(UserDao.class).withAnyArguments().thenReturn(userDao);
            PowerMockito.when(userDao.getUser()).thenReturn(1);
            userService.saveOrUpdate(new User());
            Mockito.verify(userDao,Mockito.times(1)).updateUser(Mockito.anyObject());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

6 Mock构造函数

6.1 要点

  • PowerMockito.whenNew(UserDao.class).withArguments(username,password).thenReturn(userDao);
  • 注意PowerMockito.whenNew如果是指定参数的，那mock时指定的参数要与被测试方法里new对象的参数一致。

6.2 被测试基础类

UserDao.class

package com.lanshang.construction.dao;

public class UserDao {
    String username;
    String password;

    public UserDao(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public void insertUser(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public int getCount(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

UserService.class

package com.lanshang.construction.service;

import com.lanshang.construction.dao.UserDao;

public class UserService {

    public void insertUser(String username,String password){
        UserDao userDao = new UserDao(username,password);
        userDao.insertUser();
    }
}

6.3 mock构造函数

package com.lanshang.construction.service;

import com.lanshang.construction.dao.UserDao;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({UserDao.class,UserService.class})
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void insertUser() {
        String username="cat";
        String password="111";
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        try {
            PowerMockito.whenNew(UserDao.class).withArguments(username,password).thenReturn(userDao);
            PowerMockito.doNothing().when(userDao).insertUser();
            UserService userService = new UserService();
            userService.insertUser(username,password);
            Mockito.verify(userDao,Mockito.times(1)).insertUser();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

7 ArgumentMatcher的使用

7.1 要点

  • ArgumentMatcher用于简化多种mock when return。下例就是典型的用法。

7.2 被测试基础类

UserDao.class

package com.lanshang.matcher.dao;

public class UserDao {
    public String query(String name){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

UserService.class

package com.lanshang.matcher.service;

import com.lanshang.matcher.dao.UserDao;

public class UserService {
    UserDao userDao = new UserDao();

    public String query(String name){
        return userDao.query(name);
    }

}

7.3 使用ArgumentMatcher

package com.lanshang.matcher.service;

import com.lanshang.matcher.dao.UserDao;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.ArgumentMatcher;
import org.mockito.Matchers;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({UserService.class,UserDao.class})
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void query() {
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        PowerMockito.when(userDao.query(Matchers.argThat(new MyArgumentMatcher()))).thenReturn("yes");
        UserService userService = new UserService();
        userService.userDao=userDao;
        assertEquals("yes",userService.query("aaa"));
        assertEquals("yes",userService.query("bbb"));
        assertEquals("yes",userService.query("ccc"));
    }

    static class MyArgumentMatcher extends ArgumentMatcher<String>{

        @Override
        public boolean matches(Object o) {
            String name =(String)o;
            switch (name){
                case "aaa":
                case "bbb":
                case "ccc":
                    return true;
                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }
    }
}

8 Answer的使用

8.1 要点

  • answer功能和matcher类似，是matcher的增强版。

8.2 被测试基础类

UserDao.class

package com.lanshang.answer.dao;

public class UserDao {
    public String query(String name){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

UserService.class

package com.lanshang.answer.service;

import com.lanshang.answer.dao.UserDao;

public class UserService {
    UserDao userDao = new UserDao();

    public String query(String name){
        return userDao.query(name);
    }

}

8.3 使用answer

package com.lanshang.answer.service;

import com.lanshang.answer.dao.UserDao;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({UserService.class, UserDao.class})
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void query() {
        UserDao userDao = PowerMockito.mock(UserDao.class);
        PowerMockito.when(userDao.query(Mockito.anyString())).then(invocation ->{
            String argument = (String) invocation.getArguments()[0];
            switch (argument){
                case "aaa":return "AAA";
                case "bbb":return "BBB";
                case "ccc":return "CCC";
                default:
                    return new RuntimeException(argument);
            }
        });
        UserService userService = new UserService();
        userService.userDao=userDao;
        assertEquals("AAA",userService.query("aaa"));
        assertEquals("BBB",userService.query("bbb"));
        assertEquals("CCC",userService.query("ccc"));
    }
}

9 Mock私有方法

9.1 要点

  • 用于处理同一个对象的公有方法调用私有方法。

9.2 被测试基础类

package com.lanshang.spy;

public class CheckService {
    public Boolean check(String name){
        return checkExist1(name);
    }

    public Boolean check1(){
        return checkExist();
    }

    public void check3(String name){
        checkExist2(name,"a");
    }

    private Boolean checkExist() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    private Boolean checkExist1(String name) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    private void checkExist2(String name,String passwoed) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

}

9.3 mock私有方法

package com.lanshang.spy;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({CheckService.class})
public class CheckServiceTest {

    //有返回值，带参数的私有方法
    @Test
    public void check() throws Exception {
        CheckService checkService = PowerMockito.spy(new CheckService());
        //下面这种写法不行，原因未明
        //PowerMockito.when(checkService,"checkExist1","a").thenReturn(true);
        PowerMockito.doReturn(true).when(checkService,"checkExist1","a");
        assertTrue(checkService.check("a"));
    }

    //有返回值，不带参数的私有方法
    @Test
    public void check1() throws Exception {
        CheckService checkService = PowerMockito.spy(new CheckService());
        PowerMockito.doReturn(true).when(checkService,"checkExist");
        assertTrue(checkService.check1());
    }

    //没有返回值的
    @Test
    public void check2() throws Exception {
        CheckService checkService = PowerMockito.spy(new CheckService());
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(checkService).check3("name");
        checkService.check3("name");
        Mockito.verify(checkService,Mockito.times(1)).check3("name");
    }
}
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赠送jar包：powermock-core-2.0.9.jar； 赠送原API文档：powermock-core-2.0.9-javadoc.jar； 赠送源代码：powermock-core-2.0.9-sources.jar； 赠送Maven依赖信息文件：powermock-core-2.0.9.pom； 包含翻译后的API...
powermock-module-junit4-2.0.9-API文档-中英对照版.zip
07-14
赠送jar包：powermock-module-junit4-2.0.9.jar； 赠送原API文档：powermock-module-junit4-2.0.9-javadoc.jar； 赠送源代码：powermock-module-junit4-2.0.9-sources.jar； 赠送Maven依赖信息文件：powermock-...
powermock-api-mockito2-2.0.9-API文档-中英对照版.zip
07-14
赠送jar包：powermock-api-mockito2-2.0.9.jar； 赠送原API文档：powermock-api-mockito2-2.0.9-javadoc.jar； 赠送源代码：powermock-api-mockito2-2.0.9-sources.jar； 赠送Maven依赖信息文件：powermock-api-...
powermock依赖jar文件.rar
11-04
PowerMock是一个强大的Java单元测试框架，它扩展了如Mockito这样的工具，允许开发者模拟静态方法、构造函数、final类和方法、私有方法以及删除静态初始化器。在Java开发中，有时我们需要对不可Mock的对象进行单元...
PowerMock.zip
11-05
PowerMock资料，jar包 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-powermock/
使用PowerMock来Mock静态函数
04-14
NULL 博文链接：https://never-forget.iteye.com/blog/1717297
PowerMock实战手册.pdf
09-01
PowerMock实战手册.pdf，依托powerMock快速构建测试环境。模拟外部调用等
PowerMock学习指南
11-13
PowerMock是一个强大且易用的Java代码测试工具，该指南可指导工程师进行环境配置和测试
PowerMock - 无所不能的PowerMock，mock私有方法，静态方法，测试私有方法，final类
牧码的博客
08-19 2058
PowerMock - 无所不能的PowerMock，mock私有方法，静态方法，测试私有方法，final类
单元测试工具-PowerMock
java小兵
05-12 3417
单元测试工具-PowerMock Mock：为某个类创建一个虚假的对象，在测试时用这个虚假的对象替换掉真实的对象。 PowerMock实现原理： 1)PowerMock会创建一个org.powermock.core.classloader.MockClassLoader类加载器，然后该类加载器会去加载测试用例使用到的类(系统类除外)。 2)PowerMock会去修改写在注解@Pr.........
使用Powermock工具mock系统类（java.util.Date的构造方法）
程序猿的樊笼
04-13 4317
场景 示例，有如下DateFormat的formatCurrentTime()方法，代码如下： public class DateFormat { public static final SimpleDateFormat SIMPLE_DATE_FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat("yyMMddHHmmssZ"); public static St...
单元测试之PowerMock
大鹏小站的博客
04-12 8381
为什么使用PowerMock PowerMock PowerMock支持JUnit和TestNG，扩展了EasyMock和Mockito框架，增加了mock static、final方法的功能。本文介绍基于JUnit框架的PowerMock。 1. PowerMock注解@RunWith与@PrepareForTest >@RunWith(PowerMockRunner....
配置powermock
最新发布
06-29
PowerMock是一个Java单元测试框架，它扩展了JUnit，提供了模拟静态方法、私有方法、构造函数和对系统类（如`Thread`, `ClassLoader`等）行为的控制能力。配置PowerMock通常是在你的测试类中做以下步骤： 1. 添加依赖：首先，你需要在你的项目中添加PowerMock及其测试支持库的依赖。如果你使用Maven，可以在pom.xml文件中添加如下内容： ```xml <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId> <version>最新版本号</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId> <version>最新版本号</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> ``` 2. 配置@RunWith：在测试类上使用`@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)`注解，告诉JUnit使用PowerMockRunner来运行测试。 ```java import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner; @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) public class YourTestClass { // ... } ``` 3. 使用@PrepareForTest：标记你想要mock的类，PowerMock将拦截这些类的所有方法调用。 ```java @PrepareForTest({YourMockedClass.class}) public class YourTestClass { @Test public void testMethod() { // ... } } ``` 4. 创建Mock：使用`PowerMockito.mockStatic`或`PowerMockito.mock()`创建mock对象。 5. 模拟方法行为：使用`when()`方法设置mock对象的方法行为，比如返回值或抛出异常。 ```java PowerMockito.whenNew(YourMockedClass.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(mockedInstance); ``` 6. 注意静态初始化块：如果静态初始化块中有代码需要mock，可能需要使用`PowerMockito.doNothing().when(Foo.class)`或`PowerMockito.when(Foo.class.getDeclaredMethod("method")).thenReturn(result);`。
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