(ms sql server)sql语句导入导出大全--详解

(ms sql server)sql语句导入导出大全--详解

******* 导出到excel
exec master..xp_cmdshell ’bcp settledb.dbo.shanghu out c:/temp1.xls -c -q -s"gnetdata/gnetdata" -u"sa" -p""’

/*********** 导入excel

select *
from opendatasource( ’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’,
’data source="c:/test.xls";user id=admin;password=;extended properties=excel 5.0’)...xactions

select cast(cast(科目编号 as numeric(10,2)) as nvarchar(255))+’　’ 转换后的别名
from opendatasource( ’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’,
’data source="c:/test.xls";user id=admin;password=;extended properties=excel 5.0’)...xactions

/** 导入文本文件

exec master..xp_cmdshell ’bcp "dbname..tablename" in c:/dt.txt -c -sservername -usa -ppassword’

/** 导出文本文件

exec master..xp_cmdshell ’bcp "dbname..tablename" out c:/dt.txt -c -sservername -usa -ppassword’

或

exec master..xp_cmdshell ’bcp "select * from dbname..tablename" queryout c:/dt.txt -c -sservername -usa -ppassword’

导出到txt文本，用逗号分开

exec master..xp_cmdshell ’bcp "库名..表名" out "d:/tt.txt" -c -t ,-u sa -p password’

bulk insert 库名..表名
from ’c:/test.txt’
with (
    fieldterminator = ’;’,
    rowterminator = ’/n’
)

--/* dbase iv文件
select * from
openrowset(’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’
,’dbase iv;hdr=no;imex=2;database=c:/’,’select * from ’)
--*/

--/* dbase iii文件
select * from
openrowset(’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’
,’dbase iii;hdr=no;imex=2;database=c:/’,’select * from ’)
--*/

--/* foxpro <a class="vLink1" id="vad_10" οnmοuseοver="if(typeof(showTitle)!='undefined'){this.title='';window.clearTimeout(hideTO);showTitle(event, this, 10,'');}" title="北京企业名录大全 @Vogate.com" style="font-size: 1em" οnclick="" οnmοuseοut="if(typeof(showTitle)!='undefined'){mouseIsOverLayer = false; mouseOverWhileLoad = false; hideTO = window.setTimeout('checkIfMouseOverLayer()',500);}" href="<a href="http://action.vogate.com/click/click.php?r=http%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Flm%3D0%26si%3D%26rn%3D10%26ie%3Dgb2312%26ct%3D0%26wd%3D%25CF%25B5%25CD%25B3%25B4%25A5%25B7%25A2%25D0%25DE%25B8%25C4sqlserver%25CA%25FD%25BE%25DD%26pn%3D10%26ver%3D0%26cn%3Dbaidu06%26cl%3D3&ads_id=4546&site_id=6235007045037850&click=1&url=http%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/bj/%7C%u514D%u8D39%u4E3A%u60A8%u63D0%u4F9B%u5728%u7EBF%u5317%u4EAC%u540D%u5F55%u67E5%u8BE2%21%21%3Bhttp%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/gd/%7C%u5E7F%u4E1C%u7701%u4F01%u4E1A%u9EC4%u9875%u5BFC%u822A%2C%u6D77%u91CF%u514D%u8D39%3Bhttp%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/js/%7C%u6D77%u91CF%u5BFC%u822A%2C%u6C5F%u82CF%u7701%u4F01%u4E1A%u540D%u5F55%u4E0B%u8F7D%21%3Bhttp%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/sh/%7C%u4E0A%u6D77%u4F01%u4E1A%u5927%u5168%2C%u5728%u7EBF%u67E5%u8BE2%2C%u591A%u8054%u7CFB%u4EBA%21%3Bhttp%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/sh/%7C1300%u4E07%u4F01%u4E1A%u9EC4%u9875%u5BFC%u822A%2C%u627E%u5230%u51C6%u5BA2%u6237&v=0&k=%u6570%u636E&s=http%3A//www.readygo.com.cn/SQLServer/070129/180026fB4V.htm&rn=238058">http://action.vogate.com/click/click.php?r=http%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Flm%3D0%26si%3D%26rn%3D10%26ie%3Dgb2312%26ct%3D0%26wd%3D%25CF%25B5%25CD%25B3%25B4%25A5%25B7%25A2%25D0%25DE%25B8%25C4sqlserver%25CA%25FD%25BE%25DD%26pn%3D10%26ver%3D0%26cn%3Dbaidu06%26cl%3D3&ads_id=4546&site_id=6235007045037850&click=1&url=http%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/bj/%7C%u514D%u8D39%u4E3A%u60A8%u63D0%u4F9B%u5728%u7EBF%u5317%u4EAC%u540D%u5F55%u67E5%u8BE2%21%21%3Bhttp%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/gd/%7C%u5E7F%u4E1C%u7701%u4F01%u4E1A%u9EC4%u9875%u5BFC%u822A%2C%u6D77%u91CF%u514D%u8D39%3Bhttp%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/js/%7C%u6D77%u91CF%u5BFC%u822A%2C%u6C5F%u82CF%u7701%u4F01%u4E1A%u540D%u5F55%u4E0B%u8F7D%21%3Bhttp%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/sh/%7C%u4E0A%u6D77%u4F01%u4E1A%u5927%u5168%2C%u5728%u7EBF%u67E5%u8BE2%2C%u591A%u8054%u7CFB%u4EBA%21%3Bhttp%3A//www.febay.com.cn/fyp/sh/%7C1300%u4E07%u4F01%u4E1A%u9EC4%u9875%u5BFC%u822A%2C%u627E%u5230%u51C6%u5BA2%u6237&v=0&k=%u6570%u636E&s=http%3A//www.readygo.com.cn/SQLServer/070129/180026fB4V.htm&rn=238058" target="_blank">数据库
select * from openrowset(’msdasql’,
’driver=microsoft visual foxpro driver;sourcetype=dbf;sourcedb=c:/’,
’select * from ’)
--*/

/**************导入dbf文件****************/
select * from openrowset(’msdasql’,
’driver=microsoft visual foxpro driver;
sourcedb=e:/vfp98/data;
sourcetype=dbf’,
’select * from customer where country != "usa" order by country’)
go
/***************** 导出到dbf ***************/
如果要导出数据到已经生成结构(即现存的)foxpro表中,<a class="vLink1" id="vad_2" οnmοuseοver="if(typeof(showTitle)!='undefined'){this.title='';window.clearTimeout(hideTO);showTitle(event, this, 2,'');}" title="上海市东亚进修学院培训系列 @Vogate.com" style="font-size: 1em" οnclick="" οnmοuseοut="if(typeof(showTitle)!='undefined'){mouseIsOverLayer = false; mouseOverWhileLoad = false; hideTO = window.setTimeout('checkIfMouseOverLayer()',500);}" href="<a href="http://action.vogate.com/click/click.php?r=http%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Flm%3D0%26si%3D%26rn%3D10%26ie%3Dgb2312%26ct%3D0%26wd%3D%25CF%25B5%25CD%25B3%25B4%25A5%25B7%25A2%25D0%25DE%25B8%25C4sqlserver%25CA%25FD%25BE%25DD%26pn%3D10%26ver%3D0%26cn%3Dbaidu06%26cl%3D3&ads_id=4715&site_id=6235007045037850&click=1&url=http%3A//www.dy001.com/details.asp%3Fid%3D16%26id2%3D373%7C%u653F%u5E9C%u514D%u8D39%u57F9%u8BAD%uFF1A%u8425%u517B%u6307%u5BFC%u5E08%u4E2D%u7EA7%3Bhttp%3A//www.dy001.com/details.asp%3Fid%3D16%26id2%3D376%7C%u5916%u6765%u52A1%u5DE5%u4EBA%u5458%u514D%u8D39%u57F9%u8BAD%u7CFB%u5217%3Bhttp%3A//www.dy001.com/category.asp%3Fid%3D17%7C%u4F1A%u8BA1%u4E0A%u5C97%u8BC1%u3001%u7535%u7B97%u5316%u3001%u4F1A%u8BA1%u804C%u79F0%3Bhttp%3A//www.dy001.com/details.asp%3Fid%3D21%26id2%3D377%7C%u5916%u8D38%u7C7B%u8003%u8BC1%uFF1A%u5355%u8BC1%u3001%u62A5%u5173%u5458%u3001%u8D27%u4EE3%3Bhttp%3A//www.dy001.com/details.asp%3Fid%3D1%26id2%3D372%7C%u4E1C%u4E9A%u5B66%u9662%u62DB%u8058%u4EBA%u624D&v=0&k=%u53EF%u4EE5&s=http%3A//www.readygo.com.cn/SQLServer/070129/180026fB4V.htm&rn=558805">http://action.vogate.com/click/click.php?r=http%3A//www.baidu.com/s%3Flm%3D0%26si%3D%26rn%3D10%26ie%3Dgb2312%26ct%3D0%26wd%3D%25CF%25B5%25CD%25B3%25B4%25A5%25B7%25A2%25D0%25DE%25B8%25C4sqlserver%25CA%25FD%25BE%25DD%26pn%3D10%26ver%3D0%26cn%3Dbaidu06%26cl%3D3&ads_id=4715&site_id=6235007045037850&click=1&url=http%3A//www.dy001.com/details.asp%3Fid%3D16%26id2%3D373%7C%u653F%u5E9C%u514D%u8D39%u57F9%u8BAD%uFF1A%u8425%u517B%u6307%u5BFC%u5E08%u4E2D%u7EA7%3Bhttp%3A//www.dy001.com/details.asp%3Fid%3D16%26id2%3D376%7C%u5916%u6765%u52A1%u5DE5%u4EBA%u5458%u514D%u8D39%u57F9%u8BAD%u7CFB%u5217%3Bhttp%3A//www.dy001.com/category.asp%3Fid%3D17%7C%u4F1A%u8BA1%u4E0A%u5C97%u8BC1%u3001%u7535%u7B97%u5316%u3001%u4F1A%u8BA1%u804C%u79F0%3Bhttp%3A//www.dy001.com/details.asp%3Fid%3D21%26id2%3D377%7C%u5916%u8D38%u7C7B%u8003%u8BC1%uFF1A%u5355%u8BC1%u3001%u62A5%u5173%u5458%u3001%u8D27%u4EE3%3Bhttp%3A//www.dy001.com/details.asp%3Fid%3D1%26id2%3D372%7C%u4E1C%u4E9A%u5B66%u9662%u62DB%u8058%u4EBA%u624D&v=0&k=%u53EF%u4EE5&s=http%3A//www.readygo.com.cn/SQLServer/070129/180026fB4V.htm&rn=558805" target="_blank">可以直接用下面的sql语句

insert into openrowset(’msdasql’,
’driver=microsoft visual foxpro driver;sourcetype=dbf;sourcedb=c:/’,
’select * from ’)
select * from 表

说明:
sourcedb=c:/ 指定foxpro表所在的文件夹
aa.dbf        指定foxpro表的文件名.

/*************导出到access********************/
insert into openrowset(’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’,
   ’x:/a.mdb’;’admin’;’’,a表) select * from 数据库名..b表

/*************导入access********************/
insert into b表 selet * from openrowset(’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’,
   ’x:/a.mdb’;’admin’;’’,a表)

********************* 导入 xml　文件

declare @idoc int
declare @doc varchar(1000)
--sample xml document
set @doc =’
<root>
<customer cid= "c1" name="janine" city="issaquah">
      <order oid="o1" date="1/20/1996" amount="3.5" />
      <order oid="o2" date="4/30/1997" amount="13.4">customer was very satisfied
      </order>
   </customer>
   <customer cid="c2" name="ursula" city="oelde" >
      <order oid="o3" date="7/14/1999" amount="100" note="wrap it blue
             white red">
            <urgency>important</urgency>
            happy customer.
      </order>
      <order oid="o4" date="1/20/1996" amount="10000"/>
   </customer>
</root>
’
-- create an internal representation of the xml document.
exec sp_xml_preparedocument @idoc output, @doc

-- execute a select statement using openxml rowset provider.
select *
from openxml (@idoc, ’/root/customer/order’, 1)
      with (oid     char(5),
            amount float,
            comment ntext ’text()’)
exec sp_xml_removedocument @idoc

/********************导整个数据库*********************************************/

用bcp实现的存储过程

/*
实现数据导入/导出的存储过程
         根据不同的参数,可以实现导入/导出整个数据库/单个表
调用示例:
--导出调用示例
----导出单个表
exec file2table ’zj’,’’,’’,’xzkh_sa..地区资料’,’c:/zj.txt’,1
----导出整个数据库
exec file2table ’zj’,’’,’’,’xzkh_sa’,’c:/docman’,1

--导入调用示例
----导入单个表
exec file2table ’zj’,’’,’’,’xzkh_sa..地区资料’,’c:/zj.txt’,0
----导入整个数据库
exec file2table ’zj’,’’,’’,’xzkh_sa’,’c:/docman’,0

*/

if exists(select 1 from sysobjects where name=’file2table’ and objectproperty(id,’isprocedure’)=1)
drop procedure file2table
go
create procedure file2table
@servername varchar(200) --服务器名
,@username varchar(200)   --用户名,如果用nt验证方式,则为空’’
,@password varchar(200)   --密码
,@tbname varchar(500)   --数据库.dbo.表名,如果不指定:.dbo.表名,则导出数据库的所有用户表
,@filename varchar(1000) --导入/导出路径/文件名,如果@tbname参数指明是导出整个数据库,则这个参数是文件存放路径,文件名自动用表名.txt
,@isout bit      --1为导出,0为导入
as
declare @sql varchar(8000)

if @tbname like ’%.%.%’ --如果指定了表名,则直接导出单个表
begin
set @sql=’bcp ’+@tbname
+case when @isout=1 then ’ out ’ else ’ in ’ end
+’ " ’+@filename+’" /w’
+’ /s ’+@servername
+case when isnull(@username,’’)=’’ then ’’ else ’ /u ’+@username end
+’ /p ’+isnull(@password,’’)
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
end
else
begin --导出整个数据库,定义游标,取出所有的用户表
declare @m_tbname varchar(250)
if right(@filename,1)<>’/’ set @filename=@filename+’/’

set @m_tbname=’declare #tb cursor for select name from ’+@tbname+’..sysobjects where xtype=’’u’’’
exec(@m_tbname)
open #tb
fetch next from #tb into @m_tbname
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
set @sql=’bcp ’+@tbname+’..’+@m_tbname
   +case when @isout=1 then ’ out ’ else ’ in ’ end
   +’ " ’+@filename+@m_tbname+’.txt " /w’
   +’ /s ’+@servername
   +case when isnull(@username,’’)=’’ then ’’ else ’ /u ’+@username end
   +’ /p ’+isnull(@password,’’)
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
fetch next from #tb into @m_tbname
end
close #tb
deallocate #tb
end
go

/**********************excel导到txt****************************************/
想用
select * into opendatasource(...) from opendatasource(...)
实现将一个excel文件内容导入到一个文本文件

假设excel中有两列，第一列为姓名，第二列为很行帐号(16位)
且银行帐号导出到文本文件后分两部分，前8位和后8位分开。

如果要用你上面的语句插入的话,文本文件必须存在,而且有一行:姓名,银行账号1,银行账号2
然后就可以用下面的语句进行插入
注意文件名和目录根据你的实际情况进行修改.

insert into
opendatasource(’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’
,’text;hdr=yes;database=c:/’
)...
--,aa#txt)
--*/
select 姓名,银行账号1=left(银行账号,8),银行账号2=right(银行账号,8)
from
opendatasource(’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’
,’excel 5.0;hdr=yes;imex=2;database=c:/a.xls’
--,sheet1$)
)...

如果你想直接插入并生成文本文件,就要用bcp

declare @sql varchar(8000),@tbname varchar(50)

--首先将excel表内容导入到一个全局临时表
select @tbname=’’
,@sql=’select 姓名,银行账号1=left(银行账号,8),银行账号2=right(银行账号,8)
into ’+@tbname+’ from
opendatasource(’’microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0’’
,’’excel 5.0;hdr=yes;imex=2;database=c:/a.xls’’
)...’
exec(@sql)

--然后用bcp从全局临时表导出到文本文件
set @sql=’bcp " ’+@tbname+’" out "c:/aa.txt" /s"(local)" /p"" /c’
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql

--删除临时表
exec(’drop table ’+@tbname)

用bcp将文件导入导出到数据库的存储过程:

/*--bcp-二进制文件的导入导出

支持image,text,ntext字段的导入/导出
image适合于二进制文件;text,ntext适合于文本数据文件

注意:导入时,将覆盖满足条件的所有行
导出时,将把所有满足条件的行也出到指定文件中

此存储过程仅用bcp实现
邹建 2003.08-----------------*/

/*--调用示例
--数据导出
exec p_binaryio ’zj’,’’,’’,’acc_演示数据..tb’,’img’,’c:/zj1.dat’

--数据导出
exec p_binaryio ’zj’,’’,’’,’acc_演示数据..tb’,’img’,’c:/zj1.dat’,’’,0
--*/
if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(n’.’) and objectproperty(id, n’isprocedure’) = 1)
drop procedure .
go

create proc p_binaryio
@servename varchar (30),--服务器名称
@username varchar (30), --用户名
@password varchar (30), --密码
@tbname varchar (500), --数据库..表名
@fdname varchar (30), --字段名
@fname varchar (1000), --目录+文件名,处理过程中要使用/覆盖:@filename+.bak
@tj varchar (1000)=’’, --处理条件.对于数据导入,如果条件中包含@fdname,请指定表名前缀
@isout bit=1   --1导出((默认),0导入
as
declare @fname_in varchar(1000) --bcp处理应答文件名
,@fsize varchar(20)   --要处理的文件的大小
,@m_tbname varchar(50) --临时表名
,@sql varchar(8000)

--则取得导入文件的大小
if @isout=1
set @fsize=’0’
else
begin
create table #tb(可选名 varchar(20),大小 int
,创建日期 varchar(10),创建时间 varchar(20)
,上次写操作日期 varchar(10),上次写操作时间 varchar(20)
,上次访问日期 varchar(10),上次访问时间 varchar(20),特性 int)
insert into #tb
exec master..xp_getfiledetails @fname
select @fsize=大小 from #tb
drop table #tb
if @fsize is null
begin
print ’文件未找到’
return
end

end

--生成数据处理应答文件
set @m_tbname=’’
set @sql=’select * into ’+@m_tbname+’ from(
select null as 类型
union all select 0 as 前缀
union all select ’+@fsize+’ as 长度
union all select null as 结束
union all select null as 格式
) a’
exec(@sql)
select @fname_in=@fname+’_temp’
,@sql=’bcp " ’+@m_tbname+’" out " ’+@fname_in
+’" /s" ’+@servename
+case when isnull(@username,’’)=’’ then ’’
else ’" /u" ’+@username end
+’" /p"’+isnull(@password,’’)+’" /c’
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
--删除临时表
set @sql=’drop table ’+@m_tbname
exec(@sql)

if @isout=1
begin
set @sql=’bcp "select top 1 ’+@fdname+’ from ’
+@tbname+case isnull(@tj,’’) when ’’ then ’’
   else ’ where ’+@tj end
+’" queryout " ’+@fname
+’" /s" ’+@servename
+case when isnull(@username,’’)=’’ then ’’
   else ’" /u" ’+@username end
+’" /p"’+isnull(@password,’’)
+’" /i" ’+@fname_in+’"’
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
end
else
begin
--为数据导入准备临时表
set @sql=’select top 0 ’+@fdname+’ into ’
+@m_tbname+’ from ’ +@tbname
exec(@sql)

--将数据导入到临时表
set @sql=’bcp " ’+@m_tbname+’" in " ’+@fname
+’" /s" ’+@servename
+case when isnull(@username,’’)=’’ then ’’
   else ’" /u" ’+@username end
+’" /p"’+isnull(@password,’’)
+’" /i" ’+@fname_in+’"’
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql

--将数据导入到正式表中
set @sql=’update ’+@tbname
+’ set ’+@fdname+’=b.’+@fdname
+’ from ’+@tbname+’ a,’
+@m_tbname+’ b’
+case isnull(@tj,’’) when ’’ then ’’
   else ’ where ’+@tj end
exec(@sql)

--删除数据处理临时表
set @sql=’drop table ’+@m_tbname
end

--删除数据处理应答文件
set @sql=’del ’+@fname_in
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql

go

/** 导入文本文件
exec master..xp_cmdshell ’bcp "dbname..tablename" in c:/dt.txt -c -sservername -usa -ppassword’

改为如下，不需引号
exec master..xp_cmdshell ’bcp dbname..tablename in c:/dt.txt -c -sservername -usa -ppassword’

/** 导出文本文件
exec master..xp_cmdshell ’bcp "dbname..tablename" out c:/dt.txt -c -sservername -usa -ppassword’
此句需加引号