事务管理器(PlatformTransactionManager)
Spring的声明式事务顾名思义就是采用声明的方式来处理事务。这里所说的声明,就是指在配置文件中申明。用在Spring配置文件中声明式的处理事务来代替代码式的处理事务。这样的好处是,事务管理不侵入开发的组件,具体来说,业务逻辑对象就不会意识到正在事务管理之中,事实上也应该如此,因为事务管理是属于系统层面的服务,而不是业务逻辑的一部分,如果想要改变事务管理策划的话,也只需要在定义文件中重新配置即可;在不需要事务管理的时候,只要在设定文件上修改一下,即可移去事务管理服务,无需改变代码重新编译,这样维护起来极其方便。
xml方式实例:
一个老师类
@Getter
@Setter
public class Teacher {
private Integer id;
private String tname;
public Teacher() {
}
public Teacher(Integer id, String tname) {
this.id = id;
this.tname = tname;
}
public Teacher(String tname) {
this.tname = tname;
}
}
对数据库操作的类
@Setter
@Getter
public class TeacherImp {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public List<Teacher> querry(){
List<Teacher> teachers=jdbcTemplate.query("select * from teacher",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Teacher>(Teacher.class));
return teachers;
}
public int insert(Teacher teacher){
int result=jdbcTemplate.update("insert into teacher (tname) values (?)",teacher.getTname());
//事物回滚
// int a=9/0;
return result;
}
}
建一个jdbc.properties连接数据库
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tushu
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=root
jdbc.characterEncoding=utf8
xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 通过xml配置声明式事务,我们需要添加tx命名空间 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
">
<!-- 通过xml方式配置Spring声明式事务 配置start -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lanou3g.spring.shiwulianjie"/>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="teacherImp" class="com.lanou3g.spring.shiwulianjie.dao.TeacherImp">
<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
</bean>
<!-- 第一步:配置数据源 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<property name="connectionProperties">
<props>
<prop key="characterEncoding">${jdbc.characterEncoding}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 第二步:初始化事务管理器 -->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!-- 第三步:配置事务AOP通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="insert*" rollback-for="ArithmeticException" />
<!-- 对事务进行回滚-->
<tx:method name="query*" read-only="true" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 第四步:定义AOP配置(将上面的通知和表达式组装到一起) -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="all_dao_method" expression="execution(* com.lanou3g.spring.shiwulianjie.dao.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="all_dao_method" />
</aop:config>
<!-- 通过xml方式配置Spring声明式事务 配置结束 -->
</beans>
使用入口
public class AppTransation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
// testQuery(ctx);
testTransaction(ctx);
}
//查询全部
static void testQuery(ApplicationContext ctx) {
TeacherImp teacherImp=ctx.getBean(TeacherImp.class);
List<Teacher> teachers=teacherImp.querry();
for (Teacher teacher:teachers){
System.out.println("id"+teacher.getId()+"name"+teacher.getTname());
}
}
//插入数据
static void testTransaction(ApplicationContext ctx) {
TeacherImp teacherImp=ctx.getBean(TeacherImp.class);
int row=teacherImp.insert(new Teacher("刘备"));
System.out.println("影响了"+row+"行");
}
}
注解方式
对数据库操作的类
@Setter
@Getter
@Repository //此注解和@Component作用一样, 只是含有特定的语义(一般用来标注dao层的类)
public class TeacherImp {
//它可以对类成员变量、方法及构造函数进行标注,完成自动装配的工作
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
//用于管理事务
@Transactional(readOnly = true)
public List<com.lanou3g.spring.shiwulianjie.annotation.bean.Teacher> querry(){
List<Teacher> teachers=jdbcTemplate.query("select * from teacher",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Teacher>(Teacher.class));
return teachers;
}
@Transactional(rollbackFor = {ArithmeticException.class})
public int insert(Teacher teacher){
int result=jdbcTemplate.update("insert into teacher (tname) values (?)",teacher.getTname());
//事物回滚
// int a=9/0;
return result;
}
}
配置的数据源
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
@Component
public class MyDataSource extends DriverManagerDataSource{
public MyDataSource(@Value("${jdbc.driver}") String driver, @Value("${jdbc.url}") String url, @Value("${jdbc.user}") String userName, @Value("${jdbc.password}") String password, @Value("${jdbc.characterEncoding}") String characterEncoding) {
super.setDriverClassName(driver);
super.setUrl(url);
super.setUsername(userName);
super.setPassword(password);
Properties conProperties = new Properties();
conProperties.setProperty("characterEncoding", characterEncoding);
super.setConnectionProperties(conProperties);
}
}
使用入口
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.lanou3g.spring.shiwulianjie.annotation")
@EnableTransactionManagement
//开启事务相关注解支持
public class AppAnnotation {
/**
* 定义JdbcTemplate对象,Spring给我们封装了所有的JDBC操作
* @param dataSource
* @return
*/
@Bean
public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
/**
* 定义事务管理器bean
* @param dataSource
* @return
*/
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx= new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppAnnotation.class);
// testQuery(ctx);
testTransaction(ctx);
}
static void testQuery(ApplicationContext ctx) {
TeacherImp teacherImp=ctx.getBean(TeacherImp.class);
List<Teacher> teachers=teacherImp.querry();
for (Teacher teacher:teachers){
System.out.println("id"+teacher.getId()+"name"+teacher.getTname());
}
}
static void testTransaction(ApplicationContext ctx) {
TeacherImp teacherImp=ctx.getBean(TeacherImp.class);
int row=teacherImp.insert(new Teacher("关羽"));
System.out.println("影响了"+row+"行");
}
}