MySQL8.0安装

一、安装准备

1. 关闭防火墙

# systemctl stop firewalld.service
# systemctl disable firewalld.service

2、 关闭SELinux 编辑 /etc/selinux/config

# SELINUX=disabled

3、创建MySQL用户和组

# 创建mysql的HOME目录

# mkdir -p /home/mysql

# 创建MySQL组

# groupadd mysql

# 创建MySQL用户，指定组及默认路径

# useradd -r -d /home/mysql -g mysql mysql

#将mysql默认路径的用户名和组改成mysql

# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql

二、安装MySQL

1、下载MySQL8

# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-i686.tar.xz

2、解压MySQL

# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-i686.tar.xz

3、修改MySQL解压后的名称

# mv mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-i686 mysql

4、将mysql目录移动至 /usr/local目录下,设置目录 /usr/local/mysql 所有者

# mv mysql /usr/local/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

5、查看MySQL目录结构

# tree -d -L 1 mysql

6、配置环境变量，/etc/profile 为mysql环境变量，文件最后增加

# vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATh:/usr/local/mysql/bin

7、重新生成环境变量

# source /etc/profile

8、创建MySQL数据目录

# 创建数据目录

# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

# 将数据目录的用户和组改成mysql

# chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

# 更改数据目录权限

# chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/data

9、新建MySQL配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 添加如下内容

 vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=1
port=3306
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
character-set-server=utf8
lower_case_table_names=1
innodb_log_file_size=1G
default-storage-engine=INNODB
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
[client]
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8

10、初始化MySQL数据库

mysqld --initialize --user mysql

# mysqld --initialize --user mysql

注意：如果这里缺少依赖包，注意查看提示 直接yum -y instal 依赖包名称

错误:

mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决：

错误：

mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决：

11、查看初始化日志 mySQl的root用户密码

# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log

输出如下信息：

[root@node-a bin]# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log 
2023-01-05T08:54:50.808389Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010918] [Server] 'default_authentication_plugin' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use authentication_policy instead.
2023-01-05T08:54:50.808434Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.30) initializing of server in progress as process 14863
2023-01-05T08:54:50.810583Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
2023-01-05T08:54:50.818656Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013907] [InnoDB] Deprecated configuration parameters innodb_log_file_size and/or innodb_log_files_in_group have been used to compute innodb_redo_log_capacity=2147483648. Please use innodb_redo_log_capacity instead.
2023-01-05T08:54:50.822397Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-01-05T08:54:56.007346Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-01-05T08:55:22.908682Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ;<kuZuSiB6Av

看到如下信息，表示初始化成功

[InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
[InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.

默认密码为：;<kuZuSiB6Av

三、启动与关闭MySQL

1、启动MySQL数据库

[root@node-a mysql]# support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.............. SUCCESS! 

2、查看MySQL数据库状态

[root@node-a mysql]# support-files/mysql.server status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (15177)

3、配置MySQL数据库的开机自启服务

# 复制mysql.server 到 /etc/init.d目录下

[root@node-a mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

# 使用chkconfig 添加 mysql服务到开机启动的列表中

[root@node-a mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

4、启动并查看MySQL状态

5、查看系统配置的开机自启列表

6、关闭MySQL

[root@node-a mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@node-a mysql]# support-files/mysql.server stop

四、登录MySQL

1. 本地链接

# mysql -u root -p 

2、修改密码

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Welcome_1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

3、修改root用户允许远程登录

mysql> create user 'root'@'%' identified by 'Welcome_1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4、远程链接

# 创建用户 user001 密码 Welcome_1

create user 'user001'@'%' identified by 'Welcome_1';

5、给用户授权

# 给用户授权

grant all on mysql.* to 'user001'@'%';

6、查看系统user表

#使用root用户查看系统的 user表

use mysql
select host,user from user;

7、查看系统db表

# 使用root用户查看系统的db表

use mysql;
select host,user,db from db where user='user001';