高速缓存 服务端: 1.配置yum源:vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel_dvd.repo http://172.25.254.71/rhel7 更改yum源地址 2.yum clean all 清空缓存 3.yum repolist 列出可下载软件 4.yum install bind -y 安装bind软件 5.systemctl start named 打开服务(注意:打开服务时加密字符不够按键盘或动鼠标) 6.cat /dev/random 查看加密字符 7.netstat -atnlupe | grep named 查看named服务的53端口状态 8.rpm -qc bind 查看bind软件配置文件 9.vim /etc/named.conf 编辑配置文件 内容: options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; 打开服务端网络接口的所53端口 listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query {any; }; 打开所有人的访问权限 forwarders { 172.25.254.250; }; 服务端不知道,访问的ip 10.systemctl restart named 重启服务 客户端: 1. vim /etc/resolv.conf 编辑配置文件 内容: # Generated by NetworkManager domain example.com search example.com ilt.example.com nameserver 172.25.254.171 访问的主机ip 2. dig www.baudu.com 询问dns域名服务器,并把缓存保存在高速缓存中 注意访问时: REFUSED 表示访问被拒绝 NOERROR 表示访问成功 dig www.baudu.com 服务没开 ; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.baudu.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached dns解析 一.dns本地正向解析 1.修改dns解析地址 vim /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager search ilt.example.com nameserver 172.25.254.171 2.vim /etc/named.conf 编辑配置文件 内容: options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query {any; }; 3.vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 编辑配置文件 内容: zone "westos.com" IN { 域名 type master; file "westos.com.zone"; 问题答案 allow-update { none; }; 4. rpm -ql bind 查找配置文件 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/13-named /etc/logrotate.d/named /etc/named /etc/named.conf /etc/named.iscdlv.key /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.root.key /var/named/named.localhost 本地解析配置文件模板 5. cd /var/named/ 进入目录ls 6. cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone 复制配置文件 7.vim westos.com.zone 编辑配置文件 内容: $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ root.westos.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS dns.westos.com. dns A 172.25.254.171 www A 172.25.254.202 hello A 172.25.254.203 8.systemctl restart named 重启服务 本机测试:dig hello.westos.com 二.dns本地反向解析: 1.修改dns解析地址:vim /etc/resolv.conf 2.vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 编辑配置文件 内容: zone "254.25.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "westos.com.ptr"; allow-update { none; }; 3. cp -p named.loopback westos.com.ptr 复制配置文件 4. vim westos.com.ptr 编辑配置文件 内容: $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ root.westos.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS dns.westos.com. dns A 172.25.254.200 110 PTR yun.westos.com. 112 PTR hello.westos.com. 5.systemctl restart named 重启服务 本机测试:dig -x 172.25.254.110 注意:本地(正向/反向)解析时,若named配置文件找不到该域名/IP地址,会访问失败。 三.dns轮询 1.在/var/named目录下 修改配置文件: vim westos.com.zone $TTL 1D@ IN SOA @ root.westos.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS dns.westos.com.dns A 172.25.254.108hello CNAME wwwwww A 172.25.254.111www A 172.25.254.122 2.systemctl restart named 重启服务 3.本地解析时,域名解析出现轮询式 本地测试:dig hello.westos.com 四.dns集群(辅助主机解析) 1.辅助主机配置yum源,安装bind,打开named服务 2.辅助主机修改DNS配置文件: vim /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManagersearch example.comnameserver 172.25.254.171 3.辅助主机修改配置文件:vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones zone "westos.com" IN { type slave; masters {172.25.254.171;}; file "slaves/westos.com.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; 4.systemctl restart named 重启服务 5.本地主机修改配置文件:vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones zone "westos.com" IN { type master; file "westos.com.zone"; allow-update { none; }; allow-transfer {172.25.254.171;}; 允许171主机同步 also-notify {172.25.254.171;}; 当文件变更时,通知171主机}; 6..本地主机修改文件:vim westos.com.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ root.westos.com. ( 050201 ; serial 最后一次修改时间 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS dns.westos.com. dns A 172.25.254.171 hello CNAME www www A 172.25.254.101 www A 172.25.254.102 7.systemctl restart named 重启服务 8.测试:本地主机:dig hello.westos.com 五.dns双向解析(114主机) 1.cd /var/named/ 进入目录 2.cp -p westos.com.zone westos.com.inter 复制配置文 3.vim westos.com.inter 内容: $TTL 1D @ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. ( 2018042603 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS dns.westos.com. dns A 192.168.0.207 hello CNAME www www A 192.168.0.207 dong A 192.168.0.203 4.cp -p /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.rfc1912.inter 5.vim /etc/named.rfc1912.inter 编辑配置文件 内容: zone "westos.com" IN { 维护的域 type master; file "westos.com.inter"; 访问的文件 allow-update { none; }; }; 6.vim /etc/named.conf 编辑配置文件 内容: 注释: /* zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key"; */ 添加: view localnet { match-clients { 172.25.254.114; }; 114主机访问named.rfc1912.zones文件 zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; }; view Anynet { match-clients { any; }; 其他人访问named.rfc1912.inter文件 zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.inter"; }; 7.systemctl restart named 重启服务 8.测试(107):dig dong.westos.com 看到的是172.25.254.网段 切换另一台主机(214):vim /etc/resolv.conf 更改dns解析地址 9.systemctl restart named 重启服务 内容: # Generated by NetworkManager search example.com nameserver 172.25.254.114 测试:dig dong.westos.com 看到的是192.268.0网段 六.远程更新dns解析 1. vim /etc/resolv.conf内容:# Generated by NetworkManagersearch example.comnameserver 172.25.254.207 2.vim /etc/named.conf内容:注释:/*view localnet { match-clients { 172.25.254.207; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; };view Anynet { match-clients { any; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.inter"; };*/ 打开:zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca";};include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";include "/etc/named.root.key";3.systemctl restart named 重启服务 4.vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 编辑文件内容:zone "westos.com" IN { type master; file "westos.com.zone"; allow-update { 172.25.254.107; }; 允许谁更新我的 allow-transfer { 172.25.254.107; }; also-notify { 172.25.254.107; }; }; 5.systemctl restart named 重启服务 6.cp -p westos.com.zone /mnt/ 把文件备份到/mnt/ 7.ls -ld /var/named/ 查看目录权限8.chmod g+w /var/named/ 改变目录权限 9.[root@localhost named]# setenforce 0 selinux改成警告 测试(107):10.[root@localhost named]# nsupdate> server 172.25.254.207> update delete www.westos.com 删除www.westos.com> send 发送 11.[root@localhost named]# nsupdate> server 172.25.254.207> update add dong.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.107 添加dong.westos.com(86400表示86400秒是一天) > send 发送 查看(207):[root@localhost named]# lsdata named.empty slaves westos.com.zonedynamic named.localhost westos.com.inter westos.com.zone.jnlnamed.ca named.loopback westos.com.ptr查看有westos.com.zone.jnl文件 恢复文件:1.rm - fr westos.com.zone.jnl 删除文件2.cp -p /mnt/westos.com.zone . 把/mnt/文件复制回来3.systemctl restart named 重启服务