RedHat 6使用CentOS YUM源更新
Ubuntu 和 RedHat / Fedora 软件包管理命令对比表:
任务 | ||
yum install --downloadonly vsftpd 只下载存在/var/cache/yum/{RepositoryName}/packages/ yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp vsftpd | ||
刷新软件包列表 | Yum每次运行自动刷新 | apt-get update |
从软件包库安装软件 | yum install package_name | apt-get install package_name |
从文件安装软件包 | yum install package.rpm | dpkg --install package.deb |
删除软件包 | rpm -e package_name | apt-get remove package_name |
检查软件包是否有升级 | yum check-update | apt-get -s upgrade |
升级软件包 | yum update | apt-get dist-upgrade |
升级整个系统 | yum upgrade | apt-get dist-upgrade |
软件包信息 | ||
搜索软件包 | yum search package_name | apt-cache search package_name |
显示库中存在的软件包 | yum list available | apt-cache dumpavail |
显示已安装的软件包 | yum list installed | dpkg --list |
显示某软件包信息 | yum info package_name | apt-cache show package_name |
显示已安装的某软件包信息 | rpm -qi package_name | dpkg --status package_name |
显示已安装的某软件包的文件 | rpm -ql package_name | dpkg --listfiles package_name |
显示已安装的某软件包的文档文件 | rpm -qd package_name | - |
显示已安装的某软件包的配置文件 | rpm -qc package_name | - |
显示指定软件包的依赖项 Show the packages a given package depends on | rpm -qR package_name | apt-cache depends |
显示哪些软件包依赖指定的包(反向依赖关系) Show other packages that depend on a | rpm -q -whatrequires [args] | apt-cache rdepends |
软件包文件信息 | ||
获得某软件包文件信息 | rpm -qpi package.rpm | dpkg --info package.deb |
显示包中的文件 | rpm -qpl package.rpm | dpkg --contents package.deb |
显示包中的文档文件 | rpm -qpd package.rpm | - |
显示包中的配置文件 | rpm -qpc package.rpm | - |
解压缩包中的文件 | rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio -vid | dpkg-deb --extract package.deb dir-to-extract-to |
查找指定文件是哪个包安装的 Find package that installed a file | rpm -qf filename | dpkg --search filename |
查找提供某文件的包 Find package that provides a particular file | yum provides filename 例:yum provides libXt.so.6 反向依赖 | apt-file search filename |
其他的包管理系统工具 | ||
显示软件包缓存统计信息 | - | apt-cache stats |
验证所有已安装的软件包 | rpm -Va | debsums |
移除本地缓存目录中的软件包 (应该是已下载的包文件,并不是从系统中删除包) | yum clean packages | apt-get clean |
仅移除本地缓存目录中已过时的软件包 | - | apt-get autoclean |
移除本地缓存目录中的头文件(强制下次使用时重新下载) Remove header files from the local cache directory | yum clean headers | apt-file purge |
一般的包管理系统信息 | ||
包文件扩展名 | *.rpm | *.deb |
软件库位置定义 | /etc/yum.conf | /etc/apt/sources.list |
由于Redhat的yum在线更新是收费的,如果没有注册的话是不能使用的,即不能在线安装软件。在这种情况下,想使用Redhat系统,还想用yum源来在线安装软件,有没有办法?
答案是有办法,请往下看!
1、删除redhat原有的yum源
# rpm -aq | grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
2、下载新的yum安装包
这里我们使用CentOS的yum源
# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.0/os/i386/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.0/os/i386/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-14.1.el6.i686.rpm
# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.0/os/i386/Packages/yum-3.2.27-14.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.0/os/i386/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.26-1.el6.noarch.rpm
3、安装yum软件包
# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-14.1.el6.i686.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.27-14.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.26-11.el6.noarch.rpm
注意:最后两个安装包要放在一起同时安装,否则会提示相互依赖,安装失败。
--------------------------------------------不一定需要删除重装yum-----------------------------------------------------
4、更改yum源 #我们使用网易的CentOS镜像源
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
# vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo
编辑文件,把文件里面的$releasever全部替换为版本号,即6 最后保存!或者直接把下面的内存拷贝到CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件中即可(已经修改好)
#########################################################################
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-6 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-6 - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#########################################################################
5、清理yum缓存
# yum clean all
# yum makecache #将服务器上的软件包信息缓存到本地,以提高搜索安装软件的速度
# yum install vim* #测试域名是否可用
至此,Redhat6可以使用CentOS的yum源在线安装软件了!