Docker第三篇【Docker常用命令小结、Docker部署Nginx、Docker部署Tomcat】

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-19 22:15:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-05-19 22:15:08 发布

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker nginx tomcat

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cd_laotang/article/details/122275505

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注：此笔记依据B站狂神说，想学习点此链接可直接跳转

一、Docker常用命令小结

在这里插入图片描述
Docker命令帮助文档（重要）

attach 		Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container #当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像 
build 		Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像 
commit 		Create a new image from a container changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像 
cp 			Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem # 拷贝文件 
create 		Create a new container #创建一个新的容器 
diff 		Inspect changes to files or directories on a container filesystem #查看docker容器的变化 
events 		Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间 
exec 		Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令
export 		Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作 为一个tar归档文件[对应import] 
history 	Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史 
images 		List images #列出系统当前的镜像 
import 		Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image # 从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像 
info 		Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息 
inspect 	Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息 
kill 		Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器 
load 		Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载 一个镜像[对应save] 
login 		Log in to a Docker registry # 注册或登录一个源服务器
logout 		Log out from a Docker registry 
logs 		Fetch the logs of a container 
pause 		Pause all processes within one or more containers 
port 		List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container ps 			List containers 
pull 		Pull an image or a repository from a registry 
push 		Push an image or a repository to a registry 
rename 		Rename a container 
restart 	Restart one or more containers 
rm 			Remove one or more containers 
rmi 		Remove one or more images 
run 		Run a command in a new container 
save 		Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) 
search 		Search the Docker Hub for images 
start 		Start one or more stopped containers 
stats 		Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics 
stop 		Stop one or more running containers 
tag 		Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE 
top 		Display the running processes of a container 
unpause 	Unpause all processes within one or more containers 
update 		Update configuration of one or more containers 
version 	Show the Docker version information 
wait 		Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

二、Docker部署Nginx

#1. 搜索镜像 search 建议大家去docker搜索，可以看到帮助文档 
#2. 拉取镜像 pull 
#3. 运行测试 

# -d 后台运行 
# --name 给容器命名 
# -p 宿主机端口：容器内部端口

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 
589b7251471a: Pull complete 
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete 
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete 
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   3 days ago     141MB
mysql        5.7       c20987f18b13   12 days ago    448MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   3 months ago   231MB
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
f594e620f359671d98239248188a3f3defbb9de3b2a16882b19200623df37412
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
f594e620f359   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   9 seconds ago   Up 8 seconds   0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx01
4d241f98e11a   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                            nice_dewdney
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@f594e620f359:/# ls
bin  boot  dev	docker-entrypoint.d  docker-entrypoint.sh  etc	home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

去服务器上开放3344端口（用命令开启也可以），不然访问不到：

在这里插入图片描述
访问成功！

暴露端口流程图：

在这里插入图片描述
思考问题：我们每次改动nginx配置文件，都需要进入容器内部？十分的麻烦，要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到在容器修改文件名，容器内部就可以自动修改？→ 数据卷！

三、Docker部署Tomcat

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
0e29546d541c: Already exists 
9b829c73b52b: Already exists 
cb5b7ae36172: Already exists 
6494e4811622: Already exists 
668f6fcc5fa5: Already exists 
dc120c3e0290: Already exists 
8f7c0eebb7b1: Already exists 
77b694f83996: Already exists 
0f611256ec3a: Pull complete 
4f25def12f23: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:9dee185c3b161cdfede1f5e35e8b56ebc9de88ed3a79526939701f3537a52324
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 8080:8080 tomcat
43c0eba854494c9c018ee1b00a613b3b9d486a7192247d0a3153840a3e13f2e1
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
43c0eba85449   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"        5 seconds ago    Up 4 seconds    0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   tomcat01
f594e620f359   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   23 minutes ago   Up 23 minutes   0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp       nginx01
4d241f98e11a   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   23 hours ago     Up 23 hours                                                 nice_dewdney
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# curl localhost:8080
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</h1><hr class="line" /><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line" /><h3>Apache Tomcat/10.0.14</h3></body></html>
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt  CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE	NOTICE	README.md  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  bin  conf  lib  logs  native-jni-lib  temp  webapps  webapps.dist  work
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt  CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE	NOTICE	README.md  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  bin  conf  lib  logs  native-jni-lib  temp  webapps  webapps.dist  work
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls

发现问题：1、linux命令少了。 2.没有webapps
阿里云镜像（阉割版），它为保证最小镜像，将不必要的都剔除了→保证最小可运行环境！

此时访问8080肯定就是404了，下面我们把tomcat的主页面拷贝到webapps下面即可成功显示。

root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# exit
exit
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt  CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE	NOTICE	README.md  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  bin  conf  lib  logs  native-jni-lib  temp  webapps  webapps.dist  work
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@43c0eba85449:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager

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