【python VS powershell对比学习】 python入门学习（基本数据类型）

参考课程： MOOC Python语言基础与应用 陈斌
算是对已有ps知识的查漏补缺，顺便深入学习python。

hello world

python：

pirnt(" hello world ")

powershell

“hello world”

一段随便的点餐代码

模板
python：

import random
menu = ["tea","coffee","milk"]
print("Menu:", menu)
name = input("your name:")
drink = random.choice(menu)
print("hello", name,"~ enjoy your ", drink)

powershell

$menu =  ("tea","coffee","milk")
"Menu:" + $menu
$name = Read-Host "YOUR NAME "
$drink = Get-Random $menu
"hello, "+$name+ " enjoy your "+$drink

python需要导入对应模块，预计模块学习会占用一些时间。

关于日期的计算

用于判断某天处于这一年的第几天
python：

import datetime

dtstr = input("enter the datetime:")
dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(dtstr, "%Y%m%d")
a_dtstr = dtstr[:4] + '0101'
a_dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(a_dtstr, "%Y%m%d")
print(int((dt - a_dt).days) + 1)

powershell

$format = "yyyyMMdd"
$formatProvider = [Globalization.CultureInfo]::InvariantCulture

$dtstr =  Read-Host "enter the datetime"
$dt = [datetime]::ParseExact($dtstr,$format,$formatProvider)
"  #下面可以直接输出结果"
$dt.DayOfYear  

$a_dtstr = $dtstr.Substring(0,4)+"0101"
$a_dt = [datetime]::ParseExact($a_dtstr,$format,$formatProvider)
"  #两日期相减也可以得到计算结果"
($dt - $a_dt).Days +1   

python与powershell的日期格式差距比较大
ps的时间转换（字串->datetime）有涉及c#
python的datetime计算略不友好，限制较多，感觉要回到解放前

字串处理

python：

import string

s = input('input a string')
letter = 0
space = 0
digit = 0
other = 0
for c in s:
    
    if c.isalpha():
        letter+=1
    elif c.isspace():
        space+=1
    elif c.isdigit():
        digit+=1
    else:
        other+=1
print('ther are %d letters, %d spaces, %d digits \
and %d other characters in your string.'\
      %(letter,space,digit,other))

powershell

 $s = read-host("input a string")
 $letter = 0
 $space = 0 
 $digit = 0
 $other = 0
 $s = $s.ToCharArray()
 foreach($x in $s){

    if($x -match "[a-zA-Z]"){
        $letter+=1
    }elseif($x -match "\s"){
        $space +=1
    }elseif($x -match "\d"){
        $digit+=1
    }else{
        $other+=1
    }

 }
 write-host "there are $letter letters, $space spaces, $digit digits and $other othercharacters in your string."

注意5.0的write-host可以用write-infomation 取代

算法- 归并排序

python：

import random    #导入模块
def merge_sort(data_list):
    if len(data_list) <=1:   
        return data_list  
    middle = int(len(data_list)/2)     
    left = merge_sort(data_list[:middle])
    right = merge_sort(data_list[middle:])
    merged = []
    while left and right:
        merged.append(left.pop(0) if left[0] <= right[0] else right.pop(0))   #pop用于移除一个元素
    merged.extend(right if right else left)
    return merged

data_list = [random.randint(1,100) for _ in range(50)]
print(merge_sort(data_list))

powershell
ps不适合干这行。

由于调用深度溢出，脚本失败。
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (0:Int32) []，ParentContainsErrorRec 
   ordException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CallDepthOverflow

数据类型

python：

#int
divmod(m,n) #返回两个数值，整数和小数
m **n 
abs(m)
m == n 
m > n 
m >= n 
m < n 
m <= n
7 > 3 >= 3 
367
0b1001000111
0o771
0x16f
#float 受到17位有效数字限制 进制转换有误差
#支持复数 ，只能比较是否相等
True, False  #严格区分大小写 
1 and 3   or 6
not True
 a =  "hello world"
>>> a[0]
'h'
>>> '''a
ddfdfdfd
dfdfdfd'''
'a\nddfdfdfd\ndfdfdfd'
#转义字符前面加反斜杠\ 
type(a)  #查看数据类型
str = "hello world"
"hello "*5+" test " 
"h" in "hello"  #感觉有点像匹配的意思
str.strip
str.lstrip
str.rstrip
str.isalpha
str.isdigit
str.isalnum 

powershell

$m / $n  #只返回一个数
$m -eq $n
$m -gt $n
$m -ge $n  
$m -lt $n
$m -le $n
7 -eq 3 -gt 2
(1tb+2gb+3mb+1kb)/1tb
367
#没有二进制表示
#没有8进制表示
0x16f
# 有效数字14位，第15位四舍五入
0.1234567890123
#不支持复数
$true, $false
1 -and 3 -or 6
-not 1 -eq 2
$a = "hello world"
$a[0]
#换行的文本可以写在文本中
"aaaa
aaaa
"
"a" -match "baseic"
$str = "14fffdfa335;455"
$str.Length
#判断类型可以直接用正则