C++运算符重载

包括：++运算符、+运算符、赋值运算符=、转换运算符、int() char*()运算符、==运算符。

1.重载++运算符

class TestSample
{
public:
	TestSample()
	{
		

	};
	~TestSample()
	{
		
	};
	void SetNum(int iNum)
	{
		num = iNum;
	}
	int GetNum() const
	{
		return num;
	}
	
	const TestSample& operator ++ ()//前缀
	{
	
		++num;
		return *this;
	}
	const TestSample& operator ++ (int)//后缀 注意： int根本没有使用，只是区分前缀后缀
	{
		TestSample testSample(*this);
		++num;
		return  testSample;
	}
private:
	int num = 5;
	
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	TestSample testSimpleOne;
	cout << "testSimpleOne:" << testSimpleOne.GetNum() << endl;
	//++testSimpleOne;
	TestSample testSimpleTwo;
	testSimpleOne++;
	testSimpleTwo = testSimpleOne++;
	cout << "testSimpleOne:" << testSimpleOne.GetNum() << endl;
	cout << "testSimpleTwo:" << testSimpleTwo.GetNum() << endl;

	testSimpleTwo = ++testSimpleOne;
	cout << "testSimpleOne:" << testSimpleOne.GetNum() << endl;
	cout << "testSimpleTwo:" << testSimpleTwo.GetNum() << endl;
	
}

输出：

testSimpleOne:5
testSimpleOne:7
testSimpleTwo:6
testSimpleOne:8
testSimpleTwo:8
请按任意键继续. . .

2.重载+运算符

class TestSample
{
public:
	TestSample(int num)
	{
		this->num = num;
	};
	TestSample()
	{

	};
	~TestSample()
	{
		
	};
	void SetNum(int iNum)
	{
		num = iNum;
	}
	int GetNum() const
	{
		return num;
	}
	
	const TestSample& operator + (const TestSample& obj)
	{
		return TestSample(num + obj.GetNum());
	}
	
private:
	int num = 0;
	
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	TestSample sampleOne(23), sampleTwo(17), sampleThree;
	sampleThree = sampleOne + sampleTwo;
	cout << "sampleThree = sampleOne + sampleTwo:" << sampleThree.GetNum() << endl;
	
}

输出：

sampleThree = sampleOne + sampleTwo:40
请按任意键继续. . .

3.重载=运算符

C++提供默认的构造函数、析构函数和拷贝构造函数，还有第四个由编译器提供的成员函数：赋值运算符（=）

	TestSample sampleOne(23), sampleTwo(17);
	sampleOne = sampleTwo;
	cout << "sampleOne:" << sampleOne.GetNum() << endl;

默认的赋值运算符将sampleTwo赋值给sampleOne，sampleOne的num也由23变为17了。

大部分情况下默认的赋值运算符能够对付，与默认拷贝构造函数一样（浅复制，深复制区别），当类中有堆内存成员变量时，导致两个对象指向同一个内存区域，释放内存时会出错，默认函数会造成错误。

class TestSample
{
public:
	TestSample()
	{
		pStr = new char[200];
		strncpy_s(pStr, 200, "123456asdf", 10);
	};
	~TestSample()
	{
		if (pStr)
		{
			delete[] pStr;
			pStr = nullptr;
		}
	};
	void SetStr(char* iStr)
	{
		strncpy_s(pStr, 200, iStr, strlen(iStr));
	}
	char* GetString() const
	{
		return pStr;
	}
	
	const TestSample& operator = (const TestSample& obj)
	{
		if (this == &obj) //防止obj = obj的错误情况
			return *this;
		if (pStr)//释放*this已经在构造函数中分配的内存，避免内存泄露，无法释放，浪费内存空间
		{
			delete[] pStr;
			pStr = nullptr;
		}
		pStr = new char[200];//重新分配内存
		strncpy_s(pStr, 200, obj.pStr, strlen(obj.pStr));
		return *this;
	}
	
private:
	char* pStr = nullptr;
	
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	TestSample sampleOne, sampleTwo;
	sampleOne.SetStr("sampleOne!");
	sampleTwo = sampleOne;
	cout << "sampleTwo:" << sampleTwo.GetString() << endl;
	
}

输出：

sampleTwo:sampleOne!
请按任意键继续. . .

4.转换运算符

如何将一个内置类型值赋值给用户自定义的类对象？比如：将int赋值给类对象。

下面就实践转换运算符，它是一个构造函数的重载版本。

class TestSample
{
public:
	TestSample()
	{
		
	};
	TestSample(int newValue)//转换运算符，它是一个构造函数的重载版本
	{
		num = newValue;
	};
	~TestSample()
	{
		
	};
	void SetNum(int num)
	{
		this->num = num;
	}
	int GetNum()
	{
		return this->num;
	}
private:
	int num = 0;
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	TestSample sample;
	int beta = 12;
	sample = beta;
	cout <<"sample.GetNum() :" <<sample.GetNum() << endl;
}

输出：

sample.GetNum() :12
请按任意键继续. . .

5.int() char*()运算符

如何逆向4中讲到的呢，将用户自定义类对象赋值给int,char*?

class TestSample
{
public:
	TestSample()
	{
		
	};
	~TestSample()
	{
		
	};
	operator unsigned int()//int()运算符
	{
		return num;
	}
	operator char*()//char*()运算符
	{
		return pstr;
	}
	void SetNum(int num)
	{
		this->num = num;
	}
	int GetNum()
	{
		return this->num;
	}
private:
	int num = 0;
	char* pstr = "123afg";
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	TestSample sample;
	sample.SetNum(15);
	int alpha =  sample;
	char* beta = sample;
	cout << "int alpha:" << alpha << endl;
	cout << "char* beta:" << beta << endl;
}

输出：

int alpha:15
char* beta:123afg
请按任意键继续. . .

6.重载==运算符

如何比较两个对象是否相等？

class TestSample
{
public:
	TestSample()
	{
		
	};
	TestSample(int num)
	{
		this->num = num;
	};
	~TestSample()
	{
		
	};
	bool operator == (const TestSample& obj)
	{
			return (this->GetNum() == obj.GetNum()) ? true : false;
	}
	void SetNum(int num)
	{
		this->num = num;
	}
	int GetNum() const
	{
		return this->num;
	}
private:
	int num = 0;
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	TestSample sampleone(23), sampletwo(23);
	if (sampleone == sampletwo)//相等
		cout << "sampletwo is equal to sampleone!" << endl;
	sampleone.SetNum(21);
	if (!(sampleone == sampletwo))//不等
		cout << "sampletwo is not equal to sampleone!" << endl;
}

输出：

sampletwo is equal to sampleone!
sampletwo is not equal to sampleone!
请按任意键继续. . .