ldconfig ldd ld.so

ldconfig

SYNOPSIS

       ldconfig [OPTION...]

DESCRIPTION

       ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache (for use by
       the run-time linker, ld.so)  to  the  most  recent  shared
       libraries  found  in the directories specified on the com-
       mand line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted
       directories  (/usr/lib  and  /lib).   ldconfig  checks the
       header and file names of the libraries it encounters  when
       determining   which   versions  should  have  their  links
       updated.  ldconfig ignores symbolic  links  when  scanning
       for libraries.

       ldconfig  will attempt to deduce the type of ELF libs (ie.
       libc 5.x or libc 6.x (glibc)) based on what C libraries if
       any  the library was linked against, therefore when making
       dynamic libraries, it is wise to explicitly  link  against
       libc  (use  -lc).  ldconfig is capable of storing multiple
       ABI types of libraries into a single  cache  on  architec-
       tures  which  allow  native running of multiple ABIs, like
       ia32/ia64/x86_64 or sparc32/sparc64.

       Some existing libs do not contain  enough  information  to
       allow   the   deduction   of  their  type,  therefore  the
       /etc/ld.so.conf file format allows the specification of an
       expected type.  This is only used for those ELF libs which
       we  can  not  work  out.   The   format   is   like   this
       "dirname=TYPE",  where  type can be libc4, libc5 or libc6.
       (This syntax also works on the command line).  Spaces  are
       not allowed. Also see the -p option.

       Directory names containing an = are no longer legal unless
       they also have an expected type specifier.

       ldconfig should normally be run by the  super-user  as  it
       may  require  write permission on some root owned directo-
       ries and files. If you use -r option to  change  the  root
       directory,  you don't have to be super-user though as long
       as you have sufficient right to that directory tree.

OPTIONS

       -v --verbose
              Verbose mode.  Print current  version  number,  the
              name  of  each  directory  as it is scanned and any
              links that are created.

       -n     Only process directories specified on  the  command
              line.    Don't   process  the  trusted  directories
              (/usr/lib  and  /lib)  nor   those   specified   in
              /etc/ld.so.conf.  Implies -N.


       -l     Library  mode.  Manually link individual libraries.
              Intended for use by experts only.

       -p --print-cache
              Print  the  lists  of  directories  and   candidate
              libraries stored in the current cache.

       -c --format=FORMAT
              Use FORMAT for the cache file. Choices are old, new
              and compat (the default).

       -? --help --usage
              Print usage information.

       -V --version
              Print version and exit.

EXAMPLES

              # /sbin/ldconfig -v
       will set up the correct links for the shared binaries  and
       rebuild the cache.
              # /sbin/ldconfig -n /lib
       as  root  after  the  installation of a new shared library
       will properly update the shared library symbolic links  in
       /lib.

FILES

       /lib/ld-linux.so.*  execution time linker/loader
       /etc/ld.so.conf     File   containing  a  list  of  colon,
                           space,   tab,   newline,   or    comma
                           spearated   directories  in  which  to
                           search for libraries.
       /etc/ld.so.cache    File containing  an  ordered  list  of
                           libraries  found  in  the  directories
                           specified  in  /etc/ld.so.conf.   This
                           file  is not in human readable format,
                           and is not intended to be edited.
       lib*.so.version     shared libraries

SEE ALSO

       ldd(1), ld.so(8).

BUGS

       ldconfig, being a user process, must be run  manually  and
       has  no  means  of  dynamically  determining and relinking
       shared libraries for  use  by  ld.so  when  a  new  shared
       library is installed.

AUTHORS

       Andreas  Jaeger.   Manual  page written by David Engel and
       Mitch D'Souza.

 
 

  
  
ldd
  
  

  
  
SYNOPSIS
  
  
       ldd [OPTION]...  FILE...



  
  
DESCRIPTION
  
  
       ldd  prints  the shared libraries required by each program
       or shared library specified on the command line.



  
  
OPTIONS
  
  
       --version
              Print the version number of ldd.

       -v --verbose
              Print all information, including e.g.  symbol  ver-
              sioning information.

       -d --data-relocs
              Perform  relocations and report any missing objects
              (ELF only).

       -r --function-relocs
              Perform relocations for both data objects and func-
              tions,  and report any missing objects or functions
              (ELF only).

       --help Usage information.



  
  
BUGS
  
  
       ldd does not work on a.out shared libraries.

       ldd does not work with some extremely old  a.out  programs
       which  were built before ldd support was added to the com-
       piler releases.  If you use ldd on one of these  programs,
       the  program  will  attempt  to  run with argc = 0 and the
       results will be unpredictable.



  
  
AUTHOR
  
  
       Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.



  
  
SEE ALSO
  
  
       ldconfig(8), ld.so(8).

                         30 October 2000                   LDD(1)
  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  
   
   

    
    
ld.so
    
    

    
    
DESCRIPTION
    
    
       ld.so loads the shared libraries needed by a program, pre-
       pares the program  to  run,  and  then  runs  it.   Unless
       explicitly  specified  via the -static option to ld during
       compilation, all Linux programs are incomplete and require
       further linking at run time.

       The  necessary  shared libraries needed by the program are
       searched for in the following order

       o      Using the DT_RPATH dynamic section attribute of the
              binary if present and DT_RUNPATH attribute does not
              exist.

       o      Using the environment  variable  LD_LIBRARY_PATH  .
              Except if the executable is a setuid/setgid binary,
              in which case it is ignored.

       o      Using the DT_RUNPATH dynamic section  attribute  of
              the binary if present.

       o      From the cache file /etc/ld.so.cache which contains
              a compiled list of candidate  libraries  previously
              found  in  the augmented library path. If, however,
              the binary  was  linked  with  -z  nodeflib  linker
              option,  libraries in the default library paths are
              skipped.

       o      In the default path /lib, and  then  /usr/lib.   If
              the  binary  was  linked  with  -z  nodeflib linker
              option, this step is skipped.



    
    
SYNOPSIS
    
    
       The dynamic linker can be run  either  indirectly  through
       running  some  dynamically  linked  program or library (in
       which case no command line options to the  dynamic  linker
       can  be  passed  and the dynamic linker which is stored in
       the  .interp  section  of  the  program  is  executed)  or
       directly by running:

       /lib/ld-linux.so.*  [OPTIONS] [PROGRAM [ARGUMENTS]]



    
    
COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
    
    
       --list List all dependencies and how they are resolved.

       --verify
              Verify  that program is dynamically linked and this
              dynamic linker can handle it.

       --library-path PATH
              Override LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable  set-
              ting (see below).
              all others.  This can be used to selectively  over-
              ride  functions  in  other  shared  libraries.  For
              setuid/setgid ELF binaries, only libraries  in  the
              standard  search  directories  that are also setuid
              will be loaded.

       LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS
              If set to non-empty string, causes the  program  to
              list its dynamic library dependencies, as if run by
              ldd, instead of running normally.

       LD_BIND_NOW
              If set to  non-empty  string,  causes  the  dynamic
              linker  to  resolve  all symbols at program startup
              instead of deferring function call resolval to  the
              point when they are first referenced.

       LD_WARN
              If  set  to non-empty string, warn about unresolved
              symbols.

       LD_DEBUG
              Output  verbose  debugging  information  about  the
              dynamic linker.  If set to all prints all debugging
              information it has, if set to help  prints  a  help
              message  about which categories can be specified in
              this environment variable.

       LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT
              File where LD_DEBUG  output  should  be  fed  into,
              default  is  standard  output.  LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT  is
              ignored for setuid/setgid binaries.

       LD_VERBOSE
              If set to non-empty string, output symbol  version-
              ing  information  about  the  program  if  querying
              information   about   the   program   (ie.   either
              LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS  has been set, or --list or
              --verify options have been  given  to  the  dynamic
              linker).



    
    
FILES
    
    
       /lib/ld-linux.so.*  ELF dynamic linker/loader
       /etc/ld.so.cache
              File  containing  a compiled list of directories in
              which to search for libraries and an  ordered  list
              of candidate libraries.
       /etc/ld.so.preload
              File  containing a whitespace separated list of ELF
              shared libraries to be loaded before  the  program.
              libraries   and   an   ordered  list  of  candidate
              libraries.