浅谈javascript中变量声明

javascript中的变量类型是松散类型的，因而一个变量可以声明数字、布尔值、字符串等，如何检测一个变量的数据类型呢？常用的方法有一下几种：

typeof操作符判断

var obj = {key:'value'},
    arr = ["hello","javascript"],
    fn  = function(){},
    str = "hello js",
    num = 55,
    bool = true,
    User = function(){},
    user = new User();
/*typeof测试*/
console.log(typeof obj);    //obj
console.log(typeof arr);    //obj
console.log(typeof fn);     //function
console.log(typeof str);    //string
console.log(typeof num);    //number
console.log(typeof bool);   //boolean
console.log(typeof user);   //object

缺点：不能很好的区分Object类型。

构造函数属性来判断

var obj = {key:'value'},
    arr = ["hello","javascript"],
    fn  = function(){},
    str = "hello js",
    num = 55,
    bool = true,
    User = function(){},
    user = new User();
/*constructor测试*/
console.log(obj.constructor == Object); //true
console.log(arr.constructor == Array);  //true
console.log(str.constructor == String); //true
console.log(num.constructor == Number); //true
console.log(bool.constructor == Boolean);//true
console.log(user.constructor == User);  //true

toString函数来判断

var obj = {key:'value'},
arr = ["hello","javascript"],
fn  = function(){},
str = "hello js",
num = 55,
bool = true,
User = function(){},
user = new User();
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.apply(obj));  //[object Object]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.apply(arr));  //[object Array]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.apply(fn));   //[object Function]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.apply(str));  //[object String]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.apply(num));  //[object Number]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.apply(bool)); //[object Boolean]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.apply(user)); //[object Object]

ps：Object.prototype.toString.apply(obj)等效obj.toString();

总结：第二种方式最佳，几种方式总结可以达到很强大的效果。
本文gist地址：https://gist.github.com/hehongwei44/1d808ca9b7c67745f689