spring mvc的简单搭建+各种jar包的导入

首先配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

    <display-name>oasystem</display-name>

    <!--中文编码 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>charsetEncoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>charsetEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- 核心配置 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 加载/WEB-INF/[servlet-name]-servlet.xml -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <!--加载顺序-->
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

然后是spring-servlet.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
    xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.2.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描路径 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="oasystem.controller" >
    <!-- 默认注解注入 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 视图层配置 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

根据web.xml文件中org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet的配置，首先需要导入spring-web-4.x.x.RELEASE.jar这个包。

运行报错
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/beans/factory/BeanNameAware

导入spring-beans-4.2.3.RELEASE.jar
运行报错
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/context/EnvironmentAware

导入spring-context-4.2.3.RELEASE.jar
运行，会提示服务器启动失败，
在控制台下会有这段报错
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.core.env.Environment

那就导入spring-core-4.2.3.RELEASE.jar
运行，这次可以启动而且报错也变了
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory

OK接着导入commons-logging-1.1.3.jar
这个包不在官网下的spring-framework-4.2.3.RELEASE-dist.zip里，要重新下
运行报错java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

DispatcherServlet没找到？刚开始不是导入过spring-web-4.x.x.RELEASE.jar吗？

原来DispatcherServlet虽然前缀是org.springframework.web.servlet可是它并不在spring-web-4.x.x.RELEASE.jar中
它在

spring-webmvc-4.x.x.RELEASE.jar

但是spring-web-4.x.x.RELEASE.jar也不能删除，删了服务器又无法启动报错
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.context.request.async.CallableProcessingInterceptor

接下来运行报错
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/aop/TargetSource

导入spring-aop-4.2.3.RELEASE.jar
运行报错
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.expression.ParserContext

导入spring-expression-4.2.3.RELEASE.jar
运行通过~~~~

所以，最简单的SpringMVC框架需要8个包。

进入controller层

package oasystem.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

//注解注入
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserController {

    //路径
    @RequestMapping(value="/index")    
    public String user(){

        //返回的jsp页面
        return "index";
    }

}

然后在WEB-INF下建jsp文件，

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>主页</title>
</head>

<body>
    这是主页
</body>
</html>>

保存发布，然后在浏览器里输入
localhost:8080/oasystem/user/index
（端口号8080或者8088/项目名称/Controller类上面注释的路径/类里面访问主页方法上面的路径）

回车就可以访问了。

另外：导入的包名中间的数字是版本号，可以根据实际情况自行选定。各种包都可以去Spring的官方网站上下载。