06 std::bitset

描述

bitset 提供位操作, 可以方便数值与二进制转换

1. 构造

(1).

bitset<bits>::bitset ()
bits指定包含多少个位, 例如 bitset<50> flags; flag共有50位数, 初始化都是0

(2)

bitset<bits>::bitset (unsigned long long value)
用value初始化bitset对象, bitset<50> flags(7); // flag: 00000...000111

(3)

explicit bitset<bits>::bitset (const string& str)
bitset<bits>::bitset (const string& str, string::size_type str_idx)
bitset<bits>::bitset (const string& str, string::size_type str_idx, string::size_type str_num)
bitset<bits>::bitset (const string& str, string::size_type str_idx, string::size_type str_num, string::charT zero)
bitset<bits>::bitset (const string& str, string::size_type str_idx, string::size_type str_num, string::charT zero, string::charT one)

用str的值初始化bitset对象,。str的值包含0或1，否则引发invalid_argument异常。str字符数小于bits，则前导置零，大于bits，则多余的部分忽略。
bitset<50> flags(string("1010101")); // flags: 0000...0001010101
bitset<50> flags(string("1111000"),2,3); // flags: 0000...0000000110

2. 操作

[1] 非修改操作

(1) 返回总位数

size_t bitset<bits>::size () const

(2) 获取值为1的位总数

size_t bitset<bits>::count () const

(3) 判断是否所有位都是1

bool bitset<bits>::all () const

(4) 判断是否有一个以上位值是1

bool bitset<bits>::any () const

(5) 判断是否所有位为0

bool bitset<bits>::none () const

(6) 判断 idx 指定的位是否为1

bool bitset<bits>::test (size_t idx) const

(7) 比较操作

bool bitset<bits>::operator == (const bitset<bits>& bits) const
bool bitset<bits>::operator != (const bitset<bits>& bits) const

[2] 修改操作, 返回修改后的对象

(8) 置1

bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::set ()
bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::set (size_t idx)

(9) 设置idx位的值

bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::set (size_t idx, bool value)

(10) 置0

bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::reset ()
bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::reset (size_t idx)

(11) 取反

bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::flip ()
bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::flip (size_t idx)

(12) 操作符

bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::operator ˆ= (const bitset<bits>& bits)
bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::operator |= (const bitset<bits>& bits)
bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::operator &= (const bitset<bits>& bits)
bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::operator <<= (size_t num)
​​​​​​​bitset<bits>& bitset<bits>::operator >>= (size_t num)

(13) 访问

bitset<bits>::reference bitset<bits>::operator[ ] (size_t idx)
bool bitset<bits>::operator[ ] (size_t idx) const
 

bitset<50> flags;
flags[42] = true;		// set bit 42
flags[13] = flags[42];	// assign value of bit 42 to bit 13
flags[42].flip();		// toggle value of bit 42
if (flags[13]) { 		// if bit 13 is set,
	flags[10] = ~flags[42];	// then assign complement of bit 42 to bit 10
}

3. 其他操作符

返回值是新的bitset对象

bitset<bits> bitset<bits>::operator ˜ () const
bitset<bits> bitset<bits>::operator << (size_t num) const
bitset<bits> bitset<bits>::operator >> (size_t num) const
bitset<bits> operator & (const bitset<bits>& bits1, const bitset<bits>& bits2)
bitset<bits> operator | (const bitset<bits>& bits1, const bitset<bits>& bits2)
bitset<bits> operator ˆ (const bitset<bits>& bits1, const bitset<bits>& bits2)

4. 数值转换

(1) bitset转换成数字

unsigned long bitset<bits>::to_ulong () const
unsigned long long bitset<bits>::to_ullong () const

(2) bitset转换成字符串

string bitset<bits>::to_string () const
string bitset<bits>::to_string (charT zero) const
string bitset<bits>::to_string (charT zero, charT one) const

5. 输入输出流

(1) 从字符流中读取0和1序列

istream& operator >> (istream& strm, bitset<bits>& bits)

(2) 作为0和1序列写入字符流

ostream& operator << (ostream& strm, const bitset<bits>& bits)

6. 应用实例

int main()
{
	// print some numbers in binary representation
	cout << "267 as binary short: "
	     << bitset<numeric_limits<unsigned short>::digits>(267)
	     << endl;
	cout << "267 as binary long: "
	     << bitset<numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits>(267)
	     << endl;
	cout << "10,000,000 with 24 bits: "
	     << bitset<24>(1e7) << endl;
	// write binary representation into string
	string s = bitset<42>(12345678).to_string();
	cout << "12,345,678 with 42 bits: " << s << endl;
	// transform binary representation into integral number
	cout << "\"1000101011\" as number: "
	     << bitset<100>("1000101011").to_ullong() << endl;
}
---------------------------------------------------------
267 as binary short: 0000000100001011
267 as binary long: 00000000000000000000000100001011
10,000,000 with 24 bits: 100110001001011010000000
12,345,678 with 42 bits: 000000000000000000101111000110000101001110
"1000101011" as number: 555