String to Integer (atoi)

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

spoilers alert... click to show requirements for atoi.

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思路： 注意处理各种情况。处理顺序如下。

1. 前， 后面为空格

2. 首字母符号

3. 找到最后一位合法数字。

4. 长度是否超过10.

5. 从后往前， 每次乘10 相加

6. 注意检查超上下界。

7. 最后符号相乘。

public class Solution{
	public int atoi(String str) {
		// filter out all the whitespace characters until the first
		// non-whitespace character is found
		int start = 0;
		str = str.trim();

		// filter out the beginning 0s if it's not a 0
		start = 0;
		while (start < str.length() - 1 && str.charAt(start) == '0') {
			start++;
		}
		str = str.substring(start);

		// handle the empty string
		if (str.length() == 0) {
			return 0;
		}

		// truncate the sign
		boolean negative = false;
		if (str.charAt(0) == '-') {
			negative = true;
			str = str.substring(1);
		} else if (str.charAt(0) == '+') {
			str = str.substring(1);
		}

		// filter out all the characters after the first integral part
		int end = 0;
		while (end < str.length()) {
			char c = str.charAt(end);
			if ('0' <= c && '9' >= c) {
				end++;
			} else {
				break;
			}
		}
		str = str.substring(0, end);

		// check if the string length is too long
		if (str.length() > 10) {
			if (negative)
				return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
			else
				return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
		}

		// calculate the numeric value from the right to the left
		int ret = 0;
		int increment = 0;
		int digit = 1;
		for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
			char c = str.charAt(i);
			increment = (str.charAt(i) - '0') * digit;
			//Check the integer range.
			if (!negative) {
				// if out of the positive integer range
				if (Integer.MAX_VALUE - ret - increment < 0) {
					return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
				}
			} else {
				// if out of the negative integer range
				if (Integer.MIN_VALUE + ret + increment > 0) {
					return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
				}
			}

			ret += increment;
			digit *= 10;
		}

		if (negative) {
			ret *= -1;
		}

		return ret;
	}
}