文件上传

      想要进行文件的上传操作，首先要清楚文件上传的原理。在表单域中，有个enctype属性，它指定了表单数据的编码方式。enctype有3个值：

1. application/x-www-form-urlencoded. 这是默认的编码方式，它用来处理表单域的value值，并将其处理为URL格式进行传递。
2. multipart/form-data.这种编码方式会以二进制流的形式来处理表单数据。在进行文件上传时，需要将enctype属性设为此值。
3. text/plain。适用于将表单数据以邮件的形式进行发送。

     利用手动方式进行文件上传操作时，通常我们需要通过request对象来获得一个输入流，然后依次读取中的内容，并创建一个File对象，利用输出流写入，完成上传操作。

     我们还可以利用一些框架来进行文件的上传操作，比较常用的有Common-FileUpload和COS，他们的工作原理是：通过分析HttpServletRequest的二进制流，解析出二进制流中包含的所有表单域，分析出每个表单域的类型（文件域或普通表单域），并允许开发者以简单的方式来取得文件域的内容字节、文件名、文件内容等信息，再利用IO流将文件内容写入服务器的任意位置，完成文件上传操作，也可以取得普通表单域的值。

 

    Struts2并没有提供文件上传的解析器，但它封装了其他解析器，简化了文件上传操作。Struts2默认使用Jakarta Common-FileUpload框架进行上传，因此我们需要用到2个jar包：commons-io.jar和commons-fileupload.jar。Struts2也可以使用其他框架进行上传，但需要在struts.properties中修改struts.multipart.parser的值。

    在Struts2中进行上传时，我们需要3个属性来封装文件域的值：

1. File类型，名称为xxx，用于封装文件域对应的文件内容。
2. String类型，名称为xxxFileName，用于封装文件域对应文件的文件名称。
3. String类型，名称为xxxContentType，用于封装文件域对应文件的文件类型。

    下面，我们以一个实例来进行说明：我们首先定义一个用于上传歌曲文件的表单：

 

 

上传歌曲

歌手名称	陈奕迅
歌曲名称
上传路径
歌曲描述

 

    然后我们定义一个通用的文件上传的类：

package model; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; /** * 使用Common-FileUpload框架上传文件 * @author ChenGuanwei * */ public class Struts2FileUpload { //上传文件域 private File upload; //封装上传文件类型的属性 private String uploadContentType; //封装上传文件名的属性 private String uploadFileName; //接受依赖注入的属性,在配置文件中设置上传文件的保存路径 private String savePath; //接收来自表单的HttpServletRequest对象，封装文件域的内容 private HttpServletRequest request; public Struts2FileUpload(HttpServletRequest request){ this.request = request; } public Struts2FileUpload(File upload,String uploadFileName,String uploadContentType,HttpServletRequest request){ this.request = request; this.upload = upload; this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType; this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; this.savePath = request.getRealPath("/"); //默认上传路径 } public void setSavePath(String value) { this.savePath = value; } //返回上传文件的保存位置 private String getSavePath() throws Exception{ return savePath; } public File getUpload() { return upload; } public void setUpload(File upload) { this.upload = upload; } public String getUploadContentType() { return uploadContentType; } public void setUploadContentType(String uploadContentType) { this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType; } public String getUploadFileName() { return uploadFileName; } public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) { this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; } public boolean upload(){ //以服务器的文件保存地址和原文件名建立上传文件输出流 FileOutputStream fos = null; //以上传文件建立一个文件上传流 FileInputStream fis = null; try { fos = new FileOutputStream(getSavePath() + getUploadFileName()); fis = new FileInputStream(getUpload()); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } //将上传文件的内容写入服务器 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; try { while((len = fis.read(buffer)) > 0) { fos.write(buffer,0,len); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } return true; } }

    我们再定义一个类，它引用了Struts2FileUpload的实例，并调用upload（）方法上传文件，再将表单信息插入到数据库

package model; import java.io.File; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * 调用FileUpload类的方法，上传歌曲，并向数据库中写入信息 * @author ChenGuanwei * */ public class SongUpload extends AccessDB{ private int singerID; private String songName; private File upload; private String uploadContentType; private String uploadFileName; private String description; private int commentsCount = 0; private String url; //歌曲URL地址 //接收来自表单的HttpServletRequest对象，封装文件域的内容 private HttpServletRequest request; public SongUpload(int singerID, String songName, File upload, String uploadContentType, String uploadFileName, String description,HttpServletRequest request) { super(); this.singerID = singerID; this.songName = songName; this.upload = upload; this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType; this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; this.description = description; this.request = request; } public int getCommentsCount() { return commentsCount; } public void setCommentsCount(int commentsCount) { this.commentsCount = commentsCount; } public String getSongName() { return songName; } public void setSongName(String songName) { this.songName = songName; } public String getUploadContentType() { return uploadContentType; } public void setUploadContentType(String uploadContentType) { this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType; } public String getUploadFileName() { return uploadFileName; } public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) { this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; } public String getUrl() { return url; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public File getUpload() { return upload; } public void setUpload(File upload) { this.upload = upload; } public int getSingerID() { return singerID; } public void setSingerID(int singerID) { this.singerID = singerID; } public String getDescription() { return description; } public void setDescription(String description) { this.description = description; } /** * 将歌曲信息保存到数据库 */ private void insertToTB(){ String sqlStr = "insert into t_songs values(null,'" + songName + "','" + description + "','" + url + "','" + singerID + "','" + commentsCount + "')"; super.executeInsertUpdate(sqlStr); } public boolean upload(){ Struts2FileUpload fileUpload = new Struts2FileUpload(upload,uploadFileName,uploadContentType,request); fileUpload.setSavePath(request.getRealPath("/") + "music/");//设置上传路径 if(fileUpload.upload()){ setUrl("/music/" + uploadFileName); insertToTB(); return true; }else{ return false; } } }

这样，我们需要的功能就已经实现了，现在所要做的操作是再Action中接收表单域参数，并调用需要的方法，完成操作

package action; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import model.FileUpload; import model.SongUpload; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class AddSongsAction extends ActionSupport { private int singerID; private String songName; private File upload; private String uploadContentType; private String uploadFileName; private String description; public String execute() throws Exception { ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext(); HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)ctx.get(ServletActionContext.HTTP_REQUEST); SongUpload songUpload = new SongUpload(singerID,songName,upload,uploadContentType,uploadFileName,description,request); if(songUpload.upload()) return SUCCESS; else return ERROR; } public void validate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.validate(); } public int getSingerID() { return singerID; } public void setSingerID(int singerID) { this.singerID = singerID; } public String getSongName() { return songName; } public void setSongName(String songName) { this.songName = songName; } public File getUpload() { return upload; } public void setUpload(File upload) { this.upload = upload; } public String getDescription() { return description; } public void setDescription(String description) { this.description = description; } public String getUploadContentType() { return uploadContentType; } public void setUploadContentType(String uploadContentType) { this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType; } public String getUploadFileName() { return uploadFileName; } public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) { this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; } }

 

 最后，我们需要在struts.xml中对Action进行配置。这样，利用struts2进行文件上传的所有工作就结束了。

另外，我们通常还需要对上传文件的大小进行配置。很多书上都是讲要使用fileUpload拦截器进行过滤，代码为，再struts.xml的action标签内添加：

<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"> <!-- 配置允许上传的文件大小为20M --> <param name="maximumSize">20971520</param> </interceptor-ref> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>

但是，我在这样做是遇到了问题：这样设置不起任何作用，去网上查了下，很多朋友也都遇到了这个问题。于是我为在<struts>标签下一级添加：

<!-- 配置允许上传的文件大小为20M --> <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="20971520" />  

这样就成功了。