java-容器-collection的sort方法

Java中如果需要对一个collections排序,需要继承于Comparable或者comparator接口,那么使用的排序算法是什么呢,一般情况下,排序算法包括:插入排序、快速排序、合并排序、冒泡排序等, java的Collections.sort算法调用的是合并排序 ,它是稳定排序,当数据接近有序的时候,效率更高,collections中的数据在排序前需要输入到array中,接着调用Arrays.sort函数来完成对象排序,最近通过迭代器将数组中排好序的对象些人到collection中,这也要求collection必须为mutable类型的。合并排序的大致过程为:
  
  
void  mergerSort ( int []  a ){
  int  len  =  a . lenght ()
  int  mid  =  len >> 2
  if ( len > 1 ){
    int []  pre = a [ 0 : mid );
    int []  after = a [ mid : len );
   mergerSort ( pre );
   mergerSort ( after );
  merge ( a , pre , after )
}
}
1.collections转化为array,并借助于arrays的sort功能完成排序,并回写到collection

public static <T> void sort(List<T> list, Comparator<? super T> c) { Object[] a = list.toArray(); Arrays.sort(a, (Comparator)c); ListIterator i = list.listIterator(); for (int j=0; j<a.length; j++) { i.next(); i.set(a[j]); } }

2. Arrays合并排序的实现:

public static <T> void sort(T[] a, Comparator<? super T> c) { if (LegacyMergeSort.userRequested) legacyMergeSort(a, c); else TimSort.sort(a, c); } /** To be removed in a future release. */ private static <T> void legacyMergeSort(T[] a, Comparator<? super T> c) { T[] aux = a.clone(); if (c==null) mergeSort(aux, a, 0, a.length, 0); else mergeSort(aux, a, 0, a.length, 0, c); }

private static void mergeSort(Object[] src, Object[] dest, int low, int high, int off) { int length = high - low; // Insertion sort on smallest arrays if (length < INSERTIONSORT_THRESHOLD) { for (int i=low; i<high; i++) for (int j=i; j>low && ((Comparable) dest[j-1]).compareTo(dest[j])>0; j--) swap(dest, j, j-1); return; } // Recursively sort halves of dest into src int destLow = low; int destHigh = high; low += off; high += off; int mid = (low + high) >>> 1; mergeSort(dest, src, low, mid, -off); mergeSort(dest, src, mid, high, -off); // If list is already sorted, just copy from src to dest. This is an // optimization that results in faster sorts for nearly ordered lists. if (((Comparable)src[mid-1]).compareTo(src[mid]) <= 0) { System.arraycopy(src, low, dest, destLow, length); return; } // Merge sorted halves (now in src) into dest for(int i = destLow, p = low, q = mid; i < destHigh; i++) { if (q >= high || p < mid && ((Comparable)src[p]).compareTo(src[q])<=0) dest[i] = src[p++]; else dest[i] = src[q++]; } }


注>>:二进制右移,左侧补符号位,>>>:二进制右移,左侧补无符号为,也就是0

3.举例:
  
  
public   class   TestCompare   {
     private   String  com ;
     private   int  id ;
     public   TestCompare ( int  id ,   String  com )   {
         super ();
         this . com  =  com ;
         this . id  =  id ;
     }
     @Override
     public   String  toString ()   {
         return   "TestCompare [com="   +  com  +   ", id="   +  id  +   "]" ;
     }
     /**
     * @param args
     */
     public   static   void  main ( String []  args )   {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         List < TestCompare >  li  =   new   ArrayList < TestCompare >();
        li . add ( new   TestCompare ( 1 ,   null ));
        li . add ( new   TestCompare ( 2 ,   "dfsd" ));
        li . add ( new   TestCompare ( 3 ,   null ));
        li . add ( new   TestCompare ( 4 ,   "ying" ));
         Collections . sort ( li ,   new   Comparator < TestCompare >()   {
             @Override
             public   int  compare ( TestCompare  o1 ,   TestCompare  o2 )   {
                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                if (o1.com == o2.com)
                    return 0;
                else if (o1.com == null)
                    return 1;
                else if (o2.com == null)
                    return -1;
                else
                    return o1.com.compareTo(o2.com);
            }
         });
List中含有4个元素,根据合并排序的算法,首先分为[0:2) 和[2:4)
接着[0,2)分为[0:1) 和[1:2)
[0:1):TestCompare [com=null, id=1]
[1:2):TestCompare [com=dfsd, id=2]
合并排序后为
TestCompare [com=dfsd, id=2]
TestCompare [com=null, id=1]
接着执行[2:4),分为[2:3) 和[3:4)
[2:3):TestCompare [com=null, id=3]
[3:4):TestCompare [com=ying, id=4]
合并排序后为:
TestCompare [com=ying, id=4]
TestCompare [com=null, id=3]

将两组合并的数据进行再次合并,及为:
TestCompare [com=dfsd, id=2]
TestCompare [com=ying, id=4]
TestCompare [com=null, id=1]
TestCompare [com=null, id=3]
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