Java平台的反射机制是代码动态加载和调用的基本途径，在安卓系统源码中也用到了大量的反射动态加载类。反射也是安卓平台插件化实现的必要掌握的基础知识。代理是客户端灵活操作对象，间接的低耦合度操作对象的有效途径，也是插件化必要掌握知识。
安卓插件化基础 java反射与代理
一、反射
java中反射机理比较常用，这里主要以代码实例展示其用法。
什么是反射？
指程序运行时 加载、获取一个未知类（已知类名）及类属性和方法的java技术机理。加载完成后会在虚拟机中产生一个class对象，一个类只有一个class对象，这个class对象包含了类的相关结构信息。
这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。
Class对象如何获取？
-
- 运用Class.forName(String className)动态加载类；
-
- .class 属性（轻量级）；
-
- getClass()方法；
对象的创建
- 使用Class对象的newInstance()方法来创建该Class对象对应类的实例，这种方式要求该Class对象的对应类有默认构造器。
- 先使用Class对象获取指定的Constructor对象, 再调用Constructor对象的newInstance()。通过这种方式可以选择指定的构造器来创建实例。
//Class 类 newInstance源码
@CallerSensitive
public T newInstance()
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
{
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
}
// NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
// the current Java memory model.
// Constructor lookup
if (cachedConstructor == null) {
if (this == Class.class) {
throw new IllegalAccessException(
"Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
);
}
try {
Class<?>[] empty = {};
final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);//默认构造器
// Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
// since we have to do the security check here anyway
// (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
// security check to work)
java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
c.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
cachedConstructor = c;
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw (InstantiationException)
new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
}
}
Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
// Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
}
}
// Run constructor
try {
return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
// Not reached
return null;
}
}相关Api相关实例
先定义一个bean类作为反射对象
public class CankingBean extends Canking implements ICanking {
private String name;
private int id;
public CankingBean() {
//Nothing
}
public CankingBean(int id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String n) {
this.name = n;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int i) {
this.id = i;
}
@Override
public void createApp() {
//nothing
}
}1.对象实例化
CankingBean bean = null, bean1 = null;
Class test = null;
try {
test = Class.forName("com.canking.CankingBean");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Constructor cons[] = test.getConstructors();
System.out.println("cons.len:" + cons.length + " name:" + test.getName() + " simpleName:" + test.getSimpleName() + " Canonical:" + test.getCanonicalName() + " type:" + test.getTypeName());
try {
bean = (CankingBean) cons[0].newInstance();
bean1 = (CankingBean) cons[1].newInstance(1, "canking");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("bean.id:" + bean.getId() + " bean.name:" + bean.getName() + " b1.id:" + bean1.getId() + " b1.name:" + bean1.getName());
2. 获取实现接口列表
Class<?> intes[]=test.getInterfaces(); 3.获取父类
Class<?> temp=demo.getSuperclass(); 4.获取类属性
Field[] fields = test.getDeclaredFields();//本类属性
for (Field f : fields) {
int modifier = f.getModifiers();//修饰符
String modiStr = Modifier.toString(modifier);
Class type = f.getType();
System.out.println(f.getName() + " || modifier:" + modiStr + " type:" + type.getName());
}
System.out.println("\n");
Field[] fieldsAll = test.getFields();//接口中属性
for (Field f : fieldsAll) {
int modifier = f.getModifiers();//修饰符
String modiStr = Modifier.toString(modifier);
Class type = f.getType();
System.out.println(f.getName() + " || modifier:" + modiStr + " type:" + type.getName());
}想要获取父类中属性怎么办？getSuperclass()先获取父类实例，然后调用getDeclaredFields（）获取。可以依次遍历super类，获得全部继承关系中的属性。
5.获取类方法
Method method[] = test.getMethods(); //获取类及继承关系中的所有类方法
for(Method m : method){
Class<?> returnType = m.getReturnType();
Class<?> para[] = m.getParameterTypes();
int temp = m.getModifiers();
System.out.println(m.getName()+" returnType:"+returnType+" modifiers:"+Modifier.toString(temp));
for(Class c : para){
System.out.println(" c name:"+c.getName());
}
}6.方法及属性的操作
try {
Method ms = test.getMethod("setName", String.class);
Method mg = test.getMethod("getName");
Object obj = test.newInstance();
ms.invoke(obj, "New name");
System.out.println("name:" + mg.invoke(obj));
Field canking = test.getDeclaredField("name");
canking.setAccessible(true);//禁用权限检测
canking.set(obj, "Name Modified!");
System.out.println("name:" + canking.get(obj));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}二、代理
什么是java代理模式？
代理用到类反射的知识，这里进一步单独讲解加深理解。
对某个对象提供一个代理对象，使得我们可以通过代理对象间接的操作原对象。
静态代理：代码层通过设计类获得一个中间层代理，是在编译时已经实现好的，可以说是一个class文件。
动态代理：代理类是在运行时由java机理产生。起到动态调用和操作代码的目的。
由于静态代理比较简单，易于理解，本文主要讲解动态代理。
基本概念
InvocationHandler接口
代理类调用任何方法都会经过这个调用处理器类的invoke方法。
Proxy
主要用于产生代理类，通过 Proxy 类生成的代理类都继承了 Proxy 类。newProxyInstance方法封装了获取代理对象。
newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class
动态代理实现方法
个人学习习惯，学习新知识，先了解大概，然后就是代码，最后看原理，有精力的话就写点东西分享出来。这里就先看下代码如何实现一个动态代理。
只要一个类满足代理条件，即可实现代理。
public class CankingProxyHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private Object object;
public CankingProxyHandler(Object obj){
this.object= obj;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("Proxy method in");
if ("setName".equals(method.getName())) {
return method.invoke(object, "Proxy");
}
return method.invoke(object, args);
}
} CankingProxyHandler proxyHandler = new CankingProxyHandler(bean1);
ICanking cProxy = (ICanking) Proxy.newProxyInstance(CankingBean.class.getClassLoader(), CankingBean.class.getInterfaces(), proxyHandler);
cProxy.createApp();代理类的每次方法调用，都会触发proxyHandler的invoke方法，这样我们就可以在此时做一些自己的事情。
android系统中有些类也是满足代理条件的，这样我们同样可以做一个代理类，来实现hook系统部分方法的目的。
实现原理
首先来看下newProxyInstance源码
@CallerSensitive
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs); //代理类生成关键方法
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}可以看出getProxyClass0()方法为生成代理类关键方法
/**
* Generate a proxy class. Must call the checkProxyAccess method
* to perform permission checks before calling this.
*/
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}看到源码注释，如果代理类在传入的classloader中已经加载则直接返回，否则会在ProxyClassFactory中生成。
proxyClassCache.get方法中有以下代码
// create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
// subKey from valuesMap
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);结合代码和注释可以大概看出subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)返回的就是代理类
那我们具体看看apply是怎么生产我们的代理类的：
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);//加载原始接口
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {//解析原始接口
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;//构造代理类名
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class.
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);//生产代理类
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}最终ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass方法中产生类代理类并写入磁盘。这种操作代码的代码java总称为元编程，java SOURCE级别的注解中也会大量用到。
代理类最终生产的样子如下：
public final class $Proxy1 extends Proxy implements Subject{
private InvocationHandler h;
private $Proxy1(){}
public $Proxy1(InvocationHandler h){
this.h = h;
}
public int request(int i){
Method method = Subject.class.getMethod("method", new Class[]{int.class}); //创建method对象
return (Integer)h.invoke(this, method, new Object[]{new Integer(i)}); //调用了invoke方法
}
}从代理来结构，可以看出为什么每次方法的调用都会掉到invocationHandler的invoke方法。
——————
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