Android Suspend/resume 过程分析.

       在Linux中，休眠主要分三个主要的步骤：（1）冻结用户态进程和内核态任务；（2）调用注册的设备的suspend的回调函数；（3）按照注册顺序休眠核心设备和使CPU进入休眠态。
      冻结进程是内核把进程列表中所有的进程的状态都设置为停止，并且保存下所有进程的上下文。当这些进程被解冻的时候，他们是不知道自己被冻结过的，只是简单的继续执行。如何让Linux进入休眠呢？用户可以通过读写sys文件/sys /power/state 是实现控制系统进入休眠。比如：
# echo standby > /sys/power/state命令系统进入休眠。也可以使用
# cat /sys/power/state来得到内核支持哪几种休眠方式。

      Linux Suspend 的流程。相关的文件的路径:
linux_soruce/kernel/power/main.c 
linux_source/kernel/arch/xxx/mach-xxx/pm.c

linux_source/driver/base/power/main.c 
（1）接下来让我们详细的看一下Linux是怎么休眠/唤醒的。

      用户对于/sys/power/state 的读写会调用到 main.c中的state_store()，用户可以写入 const char * const pm_state[] 中定义的字符串，比如"mem"、 "standby"。然后state_store()会调用enter_state()，它首先会检查一些状态参数，然后同步文件系统。
（2）准备冻结进程。

      当进入到suspend_prepare()中以后，它会给suspend分配一个虚拟终端来输出信息，然后广播一个系统要进入suspend的Notify，关闭掉用户态的helper进程，然后一次调用suspend_freeze_processes()冻结所有的进程，这里会保存所有进程 当前的状态，也许有一些进程会拒绝进入冻结状态，当有这样的进程存在的时候，会导致冻结失败，此函数就会放弃冻结进程，并且解冻刚才冻结的所有进程。

（3）让外设进入休眠。

      现在，所有的进程(也包括workqueue/kthread) 都已经停止了，内核态任务有可能在停止的时候握有一些信号量，所以如果这时候在外设里面去解锁这个信号量有可能会发生死锁，所以在外设的suspend()函数里面作lock/unlock锁要非常小心，这里建议设计的时候就不要在suspend()里面等待锁。
      最后会调用suspend_devices_and_enter()来把所有的外设休眠，在这个函数中，如果平台注册了suspend_pos(通常是在板级定义中定义和注册)，这里就会调用suspend_ops->begin()，然后driver/base/power/main.c 中的 device_suspend()->dpm_suspend() 会被调用，他们会依次调用驱动的suspend() 回调来休眠掉所有的设备。当所有的设备休眠以后，suspend_ops->prepare()会被调用，这个函数通常会作一些准备工作来让板机进入休眠。接下来Linux，在多核的CPU中的非启动CPU会被关掉，通过注释看到是避免这些其他的CPU造成race condion，接下来的以后只有一个CPU在运行了。
      suspend_ops 是板级的电源管理操作，通常注册在文件 arch/xxx/mach-xxx/pm.c 中。接下来，suspend_enter()会被调用，这个函数会关闭arch irq，调用 device_power_down()，它会调用suspend_late()函数，这个函数是系统真正进入休眠最后调用的函数，通常会在这个函数中作最后的检查。如果检查没问题，接下来休眠所有的系统设备和总线，并且调用 suspend_pos->enter() 来使CPU进入省电状态。这时候，就已经休眠了，代码的执行也就停在这里了。

（4）Resume。

      如果在休眠中系统被中断或者其他事件唤醒，接下来的代码就会开始执行，这个唤醒的顺序是和休眠的顺序相反的，所以系统设备和总线会首先唤醒，使能系统中断，使能休眠时候停止掉的非启动CPU，以及调用suspend_ops->finish()，而且在suspend_devices_and_enter()函数中也会继续唤醒每个设备，使能虚拟终端。最后调用 suspend_ops->end()。再返回到enter_state()函数中的，当suspend_devices_and_enter() 返回以后，外设已经唤醒了，但是进程和任务都还是冻结状态，这里会调用suspend_finish()来解冻这些进程和任务，而且发出Notify来表示系统已经从suspend状态退出，唤醒终端。到这里，所有的休眠和唤醒就已经完毕了，系统继续运行了。

当系统未处于 Suspend 状态下用户按下Power键时会在 /dev/input/event0 节点中产生一个信号, 上层的 WindowManager 会收到这个上节点的变化而得知当前应该进入休眠状态, 通知PowerManagerService, 它会做如下调用,

private int setScreenStateLocked(boolean on) { int err = Power.setScreenState(on); setScreenState 最终会调用到. int set_screen_state(int on) { enum { ACQUIRE_PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK = 0, RELEASE_WAKE_LOCK, REQUEST_STATE, OUR_FD_COUNT }; const char * const OLD_PATHS[] = { "/sys/android_power/acquire_partial_wake_lock", "/sys/android_power/release_wake_lock", "/sys/android_power/request_state" }; const char * const NEW_PATHS[] = { "/sys/power/wake_lock", "/sys/power/wake_unlock", "/sys/power/state" }; QEMU_FALLBACK(set_screen_state(on)); LOGI("*** set_screen_state %d", on); initialize_fds(); //LOGI("go_to_sleep eventTime=%lld now=%lld g_error=%s\n", eventTime, // systemTime(), strerror(g_error)); if (g_error) return g_error; char buf[32]; int len; if(on) len = sprintf(buf, on_state); else len = sprintf(buf, off_state); len = write(g_fds[REQUEST_STATE], buf, len); if(len < 0) { LOGE("Failed setting last user activity: g_error=%d\n", g_error); } return 0; } 这里向 /sys/power/state 结点写入了 on 或 mem, 或都有用户直接操作 # echo standby > /sys/power/state 时. 内核调用 state_store 函数在(具体过程未查) ./kernel/power/main.c 文件中. 在其中有如下代码 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND if (state == PM_SUSPEND_ON || valid_state(state)) { error = 0; request_suspend_state(state); } #else error = enter_state(state); #endif 可以看出.如果定义了 CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND 的话. 会调用 request_suspend_state 函数在 ./kernel/power/earlysuspend.c 文件中. 其中有关键代码如下 void request_suspend_state(suspend_state_t new_state) { unsigned long irqflags; int old_sleep; spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags); old_sleep = state & SUSPEND_REQUESTED; ... ... if (!old_sleep && new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON) { state |= SUSPEND_REQUESTED; queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &early_suspend_work); } else if (old_sleep && new_state == PM_SUSPEND_ON) { state &= ~SUSPEND_REQUESTED; wake_lock(&main_wake_lock); queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &late_resume_work); } requested_suspend_state = new_state; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags); } 这里根据不同的 new_state 的不同而将不同的任务添加到工作队列中. 现在分析 suspend 的情况 early_suspend 主要工作如下 suspend_state_t requested_suspend_state = PM_SUSPEND_MEM; static void early_suspend(struct work_struct *work) { struct early_suspend *pos; unsigned long irqflags; int abort = 0; mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock); spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags); if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED) state |= SUSPENDED; else abort = 1; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags); if (abort) { if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND) pr_info("early_suspend: abort, state %d\n", state); mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock); goto abort; } if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND) pr_info("early_suspend: call handlers\n"); list_for_each_entry(pos, &early_suspend_handlers, link) { if (pos->suspend != NULL) pos->suspend(pos); } mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock); if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND) pr_info("early_suspend: sync\n"); sys_sync(); abort: spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags); if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED_AND_SUSPENDED) wake_unlock(&main_wake_lock); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags); } 在这里调用了事先注册的 early_syspend , 同步, 释放 main_wake_lock, 在释放 main_wake_lock 时.如下操作. static void suspend(struct work_struct *work) { int ret; int entry_event_num; if (has_wake_lock(WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND)) { if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND) pr_info("suspend: abort suspend\n"); return; } entry_event_num = current_event_num; sys_sync(); if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND) pr_info("suspend: enter suspend\n"); ret = pm_suspend(requested_suspend_state); if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXIT_SUSPEND) { struct timespec ts; struct rtc_time tm; getnstimeofday(&ts); rtc_time_to_tm(ts.tv_sec, &tm); pr_info("suspend: exit suspend, ret = %d " "(%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d.%09lu UTC)\n", ret, tm.tm_year + 1900, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday, tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec, ts.tv_nsec); } if (current_event_num == entry_event_num) { if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND) pr_info("suspend: pm_suspend returned with no event\n"); wake_lock_timeout(&unknown_wakeup, HZ / 2); } } static DECLARE_WORK(suspend_work, suspend); void wake_unlock(struct wake_lock *lock) { int type; unsigned long irqflags; spin_lock_irqsave(&list_lock, irqflags); type = lock->flags & WAKE_LOCK_TYPE_MASK; #ifdef CONFIG_WAKELOCK_STAT wake_unlock_stat_locked(lock, 0); #endif if (debug_mask & DEBUG_WAKE_LOCK) pr_info("wake_unlock: %s\n", lock->name); lock->flags &= ~(WAKE_LOCK_ACTIVE | WAKE_LOCK_AUTO_EXPIRE); list_del(&lock->link); list_add(&lock->link, &inactive_locks); if (type == WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND) { long has_lock = has_wake_lock_locked(type); if (has_lock > 0) { if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXPIRE) pr_info("wake_unlock: %s, start expire timer, " "%ld\n", lock->name, has_lock); mod_timer(&expire_timer, jiffies + has_lock); } else { if (del_timer(&expire_timer)) if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXPIRE) pr_info("wake_unlock: %s, stop expire " "timer\n", lock->name); if (has_lock == 0){ queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &suspend_work); } } if (lock == &main_wake_lock) { if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND) print_active_locks(WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND); #ifdef CONFIG_WAKELOCK_STAT update_sleep_wait_stats_locked(0); #endif } } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list_lock, irqflags); } 在释放 main_wake_lock 时, 要判断 当没有 这个类型 锁的时候 要将 suspend_work 放到工作队列中. 在 supsend 函数中 调用 了正常 suspend 的入口函数.ret = pm_suspend(requested_suspend_state); 在 pm_suspend 函数中 /** * suspend_enter - enter the desired system sleep state. * @state: state to enter * * This function should be called after devices have been suspended. */ static int suspend_enter(suspend_state_t state) { int error; if (suspend_ops->prepare) { error = suspend_ops->prepare(); if (error) return error; } error = dpm_suspend_noirq(PMSG_SUSPEND); if (error) { printk(KERN_ERR "PM: Some devices failed to power down\n"); goto Platfrom_finish; } if (suspend_ops->prepare_late) { error = suspend_ops->prepare_late(); if (error) goto Power_up_devices; } if (suspend_test(TEST_PLATFORM)) goto Platform_wake; error = disable_nonboot_cpus(); if (error || suspend_test(TEST_CPUS)) goto Enable_cpus; arch_suspend_disable_irqs(); BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled()); error = sysdev_suspend(PMSG_SUSPEND); if (!error) { if (!suspend_test(TEST_CORE)) error = suspend_ops->enter(state); sysdev_resume(); } arch_suspend_enable_irqs(); BUG_ON(irqs_disabled()); Enable_cpus: enable_nonboot_cpus(); Platform_wake: if (suspend_ops->wake) suspend_ops->wake(); Power_up_devices: dpm_resume_noirq(PMSG_RESUME); Platfrom_finish: if (suspend_ops->finish) suspend_ops->finish(); return error; } /** * suspend_prepare - Do prep work before entering low-power state. * * This is common code that is called for each state that we're entering. * Run suspend notifiers, allocate a console and stop all processes. */ static int suspend_prepare(void) { ... .... if (!suspend_ops || !suspend_ops->enter) return -EPERM; ... .... error = pm_notifier_call_chain(PM_SUSPEND_PREPARE); if (error) goto Finish; error = usermodehelper_disable(); if (error) goto Finish; error = suspend_freeze_processes(); if (!error) return 0; suspend_thaw_processes(); usermodehelper_enable(); Finish: pm_notifier_call_chain(PM_POST_SUSPEND); pm_restore_console(); return error; } /** * suspend_devices_and_enter - suspend devices and enter the desired system * sleep state. * @state: state to enter */ int suspend_devices_and_enter(suspend_state_t state) { int error; if (!suspend_ops) return -ENOSYS; if (suspend_ops->begin) { error = suspend_ops->begin(state); if (error) goto Close; } //suspend_console(); suspend_test_start(); error = dpm_suspend_start(PMSG_SUSPEND); if (error) { printk(KERN_ERR "PM: Some devices failed to suspend\n"); goto Recover_platform; } suspend_test_finish("suspend devices"); if (suspend_test(TEST_DEVICES)){ goto Recover_platform; } suspend_enter(state); Resume_devices: suspend_test_start(); dpm_resume_end(PMSG_RESUME); suspend_test_finish("resume devices"); resume_console(); Close: if (suspend_ops->end){ suspend_ops->end(); } return error; Recover_platform: if (suspend_ops->recover){ suspend_ops->recover(); } goto Resume_devices; } /** * suspend_finish - Do final work before exiting suspend sequence. * * Call platform code to clean up, restart processes, and free the * console that we've allocated. This is not called for suspend-to-disk. */ static void suspend_finish(void) { suspend_thaw_processes(); usermodehelper_enable(); pm_notifier_call_chain(PM_POST_SUSPEND); pm_restore_console(); } /** * enter_state - Do common work of entering low-power state. * @state: pm_state structure for state we're entering. * * Make sure we're the only ones trying to enter a sleep state. Fail * if someone has beat us to it, since we don't want anything weird to * happen when we wake up. * Then, do the setup for suspend, enter the state, and cleaup (after * we've woken up). */ int enter_state(suspend_state_t state) { int error; if (!valid_state(state)) return -ENODEV; if (!mutex_trylock(&pm_mutex)) return -EBUSY; printk(KERN_INFO "PM: Syncing filesystems ... 1"); sys_sync(); printk("done.\n"); pr_debug("PM: Preparing system for %s sleep\n", pm_states[state]); error = suspend_prepare(); if (error) goto Unlock; if (suspend_test(TEST_FREEZER)) goto Finish; pr_debug("PM: Entering %s sleep\n", pm_states[state]); error = suspend_devices_and_enter(state); Finish: pr_debug("PM: Finishing wakeup.\n"); suspend_finish(); Unlock: mutex_unlock(&pm_mutex); return error; } /** * pm_suspend - Externally visible function for suspending system. * @state: Enumerated value of state to enter. * * Determine whether or not value is within range, get state * structure, and enter (above). */ int pm_suspend(suspend_state_t state) { if (state > PM_SUSPEND_ON && state <= PM_SUSPEND_MAX) return enter_state(state); return -EINVAL; } pm_suspend -> enter_state(之后和标准 Linux 过程一致) -> suspend_prepare/suspend_devices_and_enter/suspend_finish 在 suspend_prepare 函数中 分别通知上层已经进入 "PM_SUSPEND_PREPARE" 过程让上层做一些处理. 之后冻结用户层所有应用程序及服务进程. suspend_devices_and_enter 函数中 进程休眠, 设备(驱动)休眠. cpu进入休眠. 应该是停止在 arch_suspend_disable_irqs 里. 来电 cpu上电后, 使能中断.使能非活动的Cpu. 复位驱动, 激活进程.  suspend_finish 函数中 同样通知上层 PM_POST_SUSPEND 这个消息. 上层收到这个消息后.会调用 NvddkAudioFxSuspend(NV_FALSE); 然后再干什么就没跟住了... 这里同进入suspend 一致, 会把一个按键事件写入到 /dev/input/event0 中, 上层应用程序被激活后会检测这个事件源, 发现有按下, 会使能屏幕, 这时同 suspend 过程一样, 在用户层的最下端写一个 "on" 到 /sys/power/state 中, 内核层中调用 state_store -> request_suspend_state 这里会把一个 resume 的工作加入到 工作队列中. 调用了 已经注册的 late_resume 函数. 这里 eraly_suspend 及 late_resume 都是 android 加的补丁!