正規表達式學習

*  量詞: {n,m}, *, +, ?

* regex 的比對是貪多的比對，也就是會盡可能的最大比對，若要進行不貪多的比對，可以在量詞後面加上?， ex: \d+? --> 原來 \d+ 比對 136 會比對到 136，而 \d+? 則會比對到 3  個 1, 3, 6

* VIM 的不貪多(:h non-greedy) 寫法比較不同， 參考

   Greedy (貪多)量詞:

Quantifier	Description
*	matches 0 or more of the preceding characters, ranges or metacharacters .* matches everything including empty line
\+	matches 1 or more of the preceding characters...
\=	matches 0 or 1 more of the preceding characters...
\{n,m}	matches from n to m of the preceding characters...
\{n}	matches exactly n times of the preceding characters...
\{,m}	matches at most m (from 0 to m) of the preceding characters...
\{n,}	matches at least n of of the preceding characters...
where  n and  m are positive integers (>0)

   non-Greedy (不貪多)量詞:

Quantifier	Description
\{-}	matches 0 or more of the preceding atom, as few as possible
\{-n,m}	matches 1 or more of the preceding characters...
\{-n,}	matches at lease or more of the preceding characters...
\{-,m}	matches 1 or more of the preceding characters...
where  n and  m are positive integers (>0)

* () 括弧有分組與截取兩種涵義；ex: (aircraft | airplane | jet) 也等同 (air(craft|plane)|jet) ==>但第二種寫法比對到 aircraft時會做兩次截取。第一次是 aircraft，第二次是 craft；

* 承上，若要取消截取可以在 '(' 後面加上 ":?"  也就是 (air(:?craft|plane)|jet) 就會只會做一次截取。