今天在做项目,需要在先前的表上面新增一个constraint,然后就用了“alter table mag_content_list add constraint unique(id);”这么一条语句。
结果,在升级的时候出错了。查询了一下。查到这么一句话“The ALTER TABLE command in SQLite allows the user to rename a table or to add a new column to an existing table. It is not possible to rename a column, remove a column, or add or remove constraints from a table.”
意思就是说sqlite不支持重命名,删除字段或者添加、删除约束。
解决的办法就是:
1、新建一个临时表,当前表数据插入
2、新建一个新表,把临时表数据插入
3、删除临时表和旧的表
以上信息参照了网上的一个文章:http://rimland.blog.163.com/blog/static/883254620129220925454/
内容如下:
Altering SQLite column type and adding PK constraint
How to change the type of a column in a SQLite table?
I've got:
CREATE TABLE table(
id INTEGER,
salt TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
step INT,
insert_date TIMESTAMP
);
I'd like to change salt
's type to just TEXT
and id's type to INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.
Answer:
Below is an excerpt from the SQLite manual discussing the ALTER TABLE command (see URL: SQLite Alter Table):
SQLite supports a limited subset of ALTER TABLE. The ALTER TABLE command in SQLite allows the user to rename a table or to add a new column to an existing table. It is not possible to rename a colum, remove a column, or add or remove constraints from a table.
As the manual states, it is not possible to modify a column's type or constraints, such as converting NULL to NOT NULL. However, there is a work around by
- copying the old table to a temporary table,
- creating a new table defined as desired, and
- copying the data from the temporary table to the new table.
To give credit where credit is due, I learned this from the discussion on Issue #1 of hakanw's django-email-usernames project on bitbucket.org.
CREATE TABLE test_table(
id INTEGER,
salt TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
step INT,
insert_date TIMESTAMP
);
ALTER TABLE test_table RENAME TO test_table_temp;
CREATE TABLE test_table(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
salt TEXT,
step INT,
insert_date TIMESTAMP
);
INSERT INTO test_table SELECT * FROM test_table_temp;
DROP TABLE test_table_temp;
Notes
- I used the table name
test_table
since SQLite will generate an error if you try to name a table astable
. - The
INSERT INTO
command will fail if your data does not conform to the new table constraints. For instance, if the originaltest_table
contains twoid
fields with the same integer, you will receive an "SQL error: PRIMARY KEY must be unique
" when you execute the "INSERT INTO test_table SELECT * FROM test_table_temp;
" command. - For all testing, I used SQLite version 3.4.0 as included as part of Python 2.6.2 running on my 13" Unibody MacBook with Mac OS X 10.5.7.