多态性

多重继承

虽然多重继承与单一继承相比有很多优点，但是由于虚基类的定义很复杂，因此很多程序员都不愿意使用它。他们认为很多编译器不支持多重继承，代码容易产生多义性，调试起来很困难，而且很多时候不实用多重继承同样可以做到。

我们要注意在用单一继承就可以实现的情况下，不要使用多重继承。

 

 

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class father
{
public:
	father(int height);
	virtual ~father(){cout<<"析构父亲...\n";}
	virtual void smart()const{cout<<"父亲很聪明"<<endl;}
	virtual int getheight()const{return itsheight;}
private:
	int itsheight;
};
father::father(int height):itsheight(height)
{
	cout<<"创建父亲\n";
}


class mother
{
public:
	mother(bool sex);
	virtual ~mother(){cout<<"析构母亲\n";}
	virtual void beautifual()const{cout<<"母亲很漂亮\n";}
	virtual bool getsex()const{return itsex;}
private:
	bool itsex;
};
mother::mother(bool sex):itsex(sex)
{
	cout<<"创建母亲\n";
}


class son:public father,public mother
{
public:
	~son(){cout<<"析构小儿子..."<<endl;}
	son(int,bool,long);
	virtual long getnum()const
	{
		return num;
	}
private:
	long num;
};
son::son(int height,bool sex,long number):father(height),mother(sex),num(number)
{
	cout<<"创建小儿子\n";
}

int main()
{
	son*ps=new son(5,true,3);
	ps->smart();
	cout<<"\n小儿子有"<<ps->getheight();
	cout<<"英尺高\n";
	if(ps->getsex())
	{
		cout<<"性别：男";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"性别：女";
	}
	cout<<"\n在家排行：第"<<ps->getnum()<<endl;
	delete ps;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 

空的虚函数：派生类继承基类的虚函数不一定要实现特定的功能，有的时候只是为了让他的派生类能够使用该虚函数

 

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class human
{
public:
	human(){cout<<"构造人类\n";}
	virtual ~human(){cout<<"析构人类\n";}
	virtual void print(){cout<<"我是人类"<<endl;}
};
class father:public human
{
public:
	father(){cout<<"构造父类\n";}
	virtual ~father(){cout<<"析构父类"<<endl;}
};
class son:public father
{
public:
	son(){cout<<"构造子类\n";}
	virtual ~son(){cout<<"析构子类";}
	virtual void print(){cout<<"我是儿子"<<endl;}
};
void show(human*a)
{
	a->print();
}
int main()
{
	human*h=0;
	int choice=0;
	while(choice<4)
	{
		bool quit=false;
		cout<<"(0)退出(1)人类(2)父类(3)子类";
		cin>>choice;
		switch(choice)
		{
		    case 0:quit=true;
			break;
			case 1:h=new human;
			break;
			case 2:h=new father;
			break;
			default:h=new son;
			break;
		}
		if (quit)
		{
			break;
		}
		show(h);
		delete h;
	}
	return 0;
}

 

纯虚函数和抽象类

 不可以定义抽象类对象 shape a= new shape是错误的

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class shape                      //抽象类shape
{
public:
	virtual double area()=0;     //纯虚函数该函数没有任何功能，他只是给他的子类实现多态性的一个函数接口
};


class A:public shape
{
protected:
	double h,w;                            //保护成员  它的子类可以访问
public:
	A(double H,double W){h=H;w=W;}
	double area(){return h*w/2;}          //继承的虚函数还是虚函数不用加virtual关键字
};

class B:public A
{
public:
	B(double H,double W):A(W,H){}
	double area(){return h*w;}         B继承并覆盖了A的area函数
};


class C:public shape
{
protected:
	double radius;
public:
	C(double r){radius=r;}
	double area(){return radius*radius*3.14;}
};

int main()
{
	shape *s;
	int choice=0;
	while(choice<9)
	{
		choice=0;
		bool quit=false;
		cout<<"(0)退出(1)三角形(2)长方形(3)圆"<<endl;
		cout<<"请选择：";
		cin>>choice;
		switch(choice)
		{
		case 0:quit = true;
			break;
		case 1:s=new A(5.0,6.0);
			cout<<"三角形的面积为："<<s->area()<<endl;
			break;
		case 2:s=new B(7.0,8.0);
			cout<<"正方形的面积为："<<s->area()<<endl;
			break;
		case 3:s=new C(9.0);
			cout<<"圆的面积为："<<s->area()<<endl;
			break;
		default:cout<<"请输入0-3之间的数字";
			break;
		}
		if(choice<4&&choice>0)
			delete s;
		if(quit)
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}