虚拟环境是系统的一个位置,可以在其中安装包,并将其部署到服务器。
新建目录learning_log,在learning_log下面,创建虚拟环境的命令:
learning_log$ python -m venv ll_env
# import venv模块,并创建名为ll_env的文件,执行该命令后,会把与python虚拟环境有关的所有操作及下载的库文件,都放在ll_env里面.
learning_log$ ll_env/bin/activate
#激活虚拟环境
learning_log$ ll_env/bin/deactivate
#关闭虚拟环境
虚拟环境中,处理Python一些核心的包、pip工具等等,其它都没有,因此当前项目需要什么,则使用pip工具下载即可。其它的使用方法,与系统环境下的使用没有什么不同。
在系统环境中,使用最基本的 Python 解释器提供虚拟环境 venv 的功能,然后在各个虚拟环境中完成我们的项目,这样是比较好的项目组织方式。
ddsWe recommend you slowly back away from people who say that you aren’t a proper Python programmer unless you use virtualenv.
Django(https://www.djangoproject.com/)是一个Web框架,一套用于帮助开发交互式网站的工具,Django能够响应网页请求,能够让开发者更轻松的读写数据库、管理用户。
(ll_env)learning_log$ django-admin startproject learning_log .
# Django 新建learning_log目录和manage.py
# learning_log下面是_init_.py settings.py urls.py wsgi.py
继续创建数据库,由于Django将大部分与项目相关的信息都储存在数据库中,因此我们需要创建一个Django使用的数据库。执行migrate是,将让Django确保数据库与项目的当前状态匹配。
(ll_env)learning_log$ python manage.py migrate
(ll_env)learning_log$ dir
db.sqlites learning_log ll_env manage.py
(ll_env)learning_log$ python manage.py runserver
Django启动服务器,来查看系统中项目,了解其工作情况,在IE中URL输入请求网页,服务器将相应,生成合适的网页,发送给浏览器
在第6步,创建数据库时报错
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x10f03b8c8>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 250, in raise_last_exception
six.reraise(*_exception)
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 27, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 85, in populate
app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 94, in create
module = import_module(entry)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.admin.filters import (
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/filters.py", line 10, in <module>
from django.contrib.admin.options import IncorrectLookupParameters
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py", line 12, in <module>
from django.contrib.admin import helpers, widgets
File "/Users/yanlin/PycharmProjects/djangoPro/my_django/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/widgets.py", line 151
'%s=%s' % (k, v) for k, v in params.items(),
^
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
解决方法:
找到出错语句:
去掉末尾那个逗号即可。
验证去掉逗号程序恢复正常,但为什么会有逗号?没搞明白。