无法阻止初始化的自动进行,它将在构造器被调用之前发生。
变量定义的先后顺序决定了初始化的顺序,即使变量定义散布于方法定义之间,它仍旧会在任何方法(包括构造器)之前得到初始化。
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
// When the constructor is called to create a
// Window object, you'll see a message:
class Window {
Window(int marker) { print("Window(" + marker + ")"); }
}
class House {
Window w1 = new Window(1); // Before constructor
House() {
// Show that we're in the constructor:
print("House()");
w3 = new Window(33); // Reinitialize w3
}
Window w2 = new Window(2); // After constructor
void f() { print("f()"); }
Window w3 = new Window(3); // At end
}
public class OrderOfInitialization {
public static void main(String[] args) {
House h = new House();
h.f(); // Shows that construction is done
}
} /* Output:
Window(1)
Window(2)
Window(3)
House()
Window(33)
f()
可见初始化操作是在第一位的。
静态数据的初始化,看下面这段代码
import static thinkinginjava.Print.*;
class Go {
static String s1 = "run";
static String s2, s3;
static { //静态块或静态句子(首先被执行,且只执行了一次,注意看输出) No.1
s2 = "drive car";
s3 = "fly plane";
print("s2 & s3 initialized");
}
static void how() {
print(s1 + " or " + s2 + " or " + s3);
}
Go() { print("Go()"); }
}
public class ExplicitStaticEx {
public static void main(String[] args) {
print("Inside main()"); //No.4
Go.how();//No.5
print("Go.s1: " + Go.s1);//No.6
}
static Go g1 = new Go(); // No.2
static Go g2 = new Go();//No.3
}
//output:
s2 & s3 initialized
Go()
Go()
Inside main()
run or drive car or fly plane
Go.s1: run
如果main方法外的初始化操作不是静态的,即没有static,那么这两句话不会被执行。加上static之后,他们会先于main方法执行,且只会被初始化一次。
构造器可以看作是static方法。