前言
最近在听侯捷老师的C++课程,第一部分是实现一个不带指针成员的类(class without pointer members),举的例子是标准库中的complex类。听完后就自己试着写了一下,目前能实现的操作有:
- complex class object的创建及初始化;
- 获得一个复数的实部和虚部;
- 取正和取反(+,-);
- 加法、减法、乘法(+、-、*);
- 判断是否相等与不等关系(==、!=)
- 输入(>>)与输出(<<);
- 求共轭复数、求复数的模。
一、complex class的声明与定义
我将complex class的声明与定义均包含在了头文件中,代码如下:
#ifndef __COMPLEX__ //防卫式声明,__COMPLEX__:这个名字可以自己取
#define __COMPLEX__
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class complex {
public:
complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) : re(r), im(i) {} //构造函数,带有默认实参
complex& operator += (const complex& x);
complex& operator -= (const complex& x);
complex& operator *= (const complex& x);
double real() const { return re; };
double imag() const { return im; };
private:
double re, im;
friend complex& _doapl(complex* ths, const complex& x);
friend complex& _doami(complex* ths, const complex& x);
friend complex& _doaml(complex* ths, const complex& x);
friend istream& operator >> (istream& is, complex& x); //因为>>操作要改变对象的数据,所以必须获得访问对象private区的权力
};
/*三个友元函数,它们访问了x的私有成员,所以这三个函数必须声明为complex的友元*/
inline complex& _doapl(complex* ths, const complex& x)
{
ths->re += x.re;
ths->im += x.im;
return *ths;
}
inline complex& _doami(complex* ths, const complex& x)
{
ths->re -= x.re;
ths->im -= x.im;
return *ths;
}
inline complex& _doaml(complex* ths, const complex& x) //复数的乘法不是简单的对应相乘!
{
double temp = ths->re * x.re - ths->im * x.im; //后面得到虚部会改变ths->re的值,所以需要临时变量temp来存放结果的re
ths->im = ths->re * x.im + ths->im * x.re;
ths->re = temp;
return *ths;
}
/*获得x的实部和虚部的(非成员)函数*/
inline double real(const complex x)
{
return x.real();
}
inline double imag(const complex x)
{
return x.imag();
}
/*正负号函数*/
inline complex operator + (const complex& x)
{
return x;
}
inline complex operator - (const complex& x)
{
return (-real(x), -imag(x));
}
/*+=、-=、*=、/=操作符重载函数(成员函数)*/
inline complex& complex::operator += (const complex& x)
{
return _doapl(this, x);
}
inline complex& complex::operator -= (const complex& x)
{
return _doami(this, x);
}
inline complex& complex::operator *= (const complex& x)
{
return _doaml(this, x);
}
/*+、-(加减法)函数*/
inline complex operator + (const complex& x, const complex& y)
{
return complex(real(x) + real(y), imag(x) + imag(y));
}
inline complex operator + (const complex& x, double y)
{
return complex(real(x) + y, imag(x));
}
inline complex operator + (double x, const complex& y)
{
return complex(x + real(y), imag(y));
}
inline complex operator - (const complex& x, const complex& y)
{
return complex(real(x) + real(y), imag(x) + imag(y));
}
inline complex operator - (const complex& x, double y)
{
return complex(real(x) - y, imag(x));
}
inline complex operator - (double x, const complex& y)
{
return complex(x - real(y), -imag(y));
}
/*==、!=函数*/
inline bool operator == (const complex& x, const complex& y)
{
return (real(x) == real(y) && imag(x) == imag(y));
}
inline bool operator == (const complex& x, double y)
{
return (real(x) == real(y) && imag(x) == 0);
}
inline bool operator == (double x, const complex& y)
{
return (x == real(y) && imag(y) == 0);
}
inline bool operator != (const complex& x, const complex& y)
{
return (real(x) != real(y) || imag(x) != imag(y));
}
inline bool operator != (const complex& x, double y)
{
return (real(x) != y || imag(x) != 0);
}
inline bool operator != (double x, const complex& y)
{
return (x != real(y) || imag(y) != 0);
}
/*<<的重载函数*/
inline ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const complex& x)
{
os << '(' << real(x) << ',' << imag(x) << ')';
return os;
}
/*>>的重载函数*/
inline istream& operator >> (istream& is, complex& x)
{
is >> x.re >> x.im;
return is;
}
/*共轭复数函数conj*/
inline complex conj(const complex& x)
{
return complex(real(x), -imag(x));
}
/*复数求模函数hypot*/
#include <cmath>
inline double hypot(const complex& x)
{
return sqrt(real(x) * real(x) + imag(x) * imag(x));
}
#endif // !__COMPLEX__
二、测试文件
1.main函数
在main函数中测试了class的各种成员函数和非成员函数操作,代码如下:
#include "complex.h"
int main()
{
complex c1(2, 3), c2(3, 5); //对象的创建和初始化
double c3 = 10;
cout << "c1 = " << c1 << '\n' << "c2 = " << c2 << endl; //测试输出
cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl; //测试+、-、*
cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
cout << "c1 + c3 = " << c1 + c3 << endl; //测试+、-、*
cout << "c3 - c1 = " << c3 - c1 << endl;
//cout << "c1 * c2 = " << c1 * c2 << endl;
cout << "c1的共轭复数是:" << conj(c1) << endl;
cout << "c1的模是:" << hypot(c1) << endl;
//测试输入
complex c4;
cout << "Please input a complex, you can only do it by inputing its real part first and imag part second! \n";
cin >> c4;
cout << "刚才输入的复数c4 = " << c4 << endl;
return 0;
}
2.输出结果
输出结果如下:
总结
目前写到这里,以后再继续更新,欢迎提出意见!