Android--存储权限

Android11 更新了新的存储权限分区存储，将不再允许用户授权访问 Downloads 的根目录、每个可用 SD 卡的根目录以及其它应用的目录。应用仍然可以通过 Storage Access Framework API 或者文件选择器来帮助用户从共享存储中选取个别文件。

Android SDK大于等于30（Android11）在 AndroidManifest.xml中申请，并且代码中也需要动态申请：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<!-- Android11新增 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

<application
        android:name=".application.MainApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/biao"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:persistent="true"
        android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
        android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
        android:preserveLegacyExternalStorage="true"
        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
</application>
<!-- android10.0根目录创建文件夹android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" -->
<!-- android11 根目录创建文件夹android:preserveLegacyExternalStorage="true"
     在Android11的机器上覆盖安装时，才能访问旧版存储位置，卸载重装会失效-->

public final class PermissionActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1024;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        requestPermission();
    }

    private void requestPermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
            // 先判断有没有权限
            if (Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
                doSomething();
            } else {
                Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
                intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + context.getPackageName()));
                startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE);
            }
        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            // 先判断有没有权限
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
                    ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                doSomething();
            } else {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, REQUEST_CODE);
            }
        } else {
            doSomething();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
                    ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                doSomething();
            } else {
                ToastUtils.show("存储权限获取失败");
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
            if (Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
                writeFile();
            } else {
                ToastUtils.show("存储权限获取失败");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 模拟文件写入
     */
    private void doSomething() {
        ToastUtils.show("doSomething");
    }
}