iText简介

iText是一个开放源码的Java类库，可以用来方便地生成PDF文件。大家通过访问 http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=15255&release_id=167948下载最新版本的类库，下载完成之后会得到一个.jar包，把这个包加入JDK的classpath即可使用。如果生成的PDF文件中需要出现中文、日文、韩文字符，则还需要通过访问 http://itext.sourceforge.net/downloads/iTextAsian.jar下载iTextAsian.jar包。

　　关于iText类库的使用， http://www.lowagie.com/iText/tutorial/index.html有比较详细的教程。该教程从入门开始，比较系统地介绍了在PDF文件中放入文字、图片、表格等的方法和技巧。读完这片教程，大致就可以做一些从简单到复杂的PDF文件了。不过，试图通过教程解决在生成PDF文件过程中遇到的所有困难无疑是一种奢望。所以，阅读iText的api文档显得非常重要。读者在下载类库的同时，也可以下载类库的文档。

　　如何利用iText在java程序中生成PDF报表

以下是上述教程中一个最简单的例子，这个例子刻画了通过iText生成PDF文件的一般程序框架。读者只需要在document.open();和document.close();两条语句中间加入自己希望放在PDF文件中的内容即可。该例子只在PDF文件中加了“Hello World“一行文字。

 

CSDN下载地址:   http://download.csdn.net/user/chaozi

  package com.chaozi;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import com.lowagie.text.Document;

import com.lowagie.text.DocumentException;

import com.lowagie.text.Paragraph;

import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfWriter;

public class CreatP {   

     public static void CreatPgf(){

           Document document = new Document();

            try

            {                PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream ( "Chap0101.pdf" ));

                document.open();

                document.add( new Paragraph( "Hello World" ));

            }

            catch (DocumentException de)

            {                System.err.println(de.getMessage());

            }

            catch (IOException ioe)

            {                System.err.println(ioe.getMessage());

            }

            document.close();

        }

    public static void main(String[] args){

          CreatPgf();   

       }}

　　由以上的例子可见，程序的框架十分清楚明了。然而在PDF中指定文字、图画、表格的位置是一件非常麻烦的事情。除了不断地在程序中修改位置、然后运行程序、生成PDF文件、观察元素在PDF中的位置是否合理这样的过程以外，似乎还没有其它更好的方法。

　　如何通过JSP生成PDF报表

　　这一部分是在iText的教程中所没有的，网上的相关资料也比较少。我曾在CSDN上看过有人开帖询问实现细节，有人回复了实现的原理：先在服务器上生成PDF文件，然后用户通过点击指向PDF文件的超链接选择下载或打开。这是一个思路，或者说是思路之一。本文实现了这个思路，又给出另外一个思路并通过两种途径实现之。

1） 直接在服务器上生成PDF文件。

<%@ page import ="com.lowagie.text.*,com.lowagie.text.pdf.*, java.io.*"%>

<%

String filename = "F://book//PDFceshi.pdf";

Document document = new Document(PageSize.A4);

try{

PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(filename) );

document.open();

document.add(new Paragraph("Hello World"));

document.close();

}catch(Exception e)

{}%>

　　上面的程序在服务器上生成了一个静态的PDF文件。显然，每次运行所得的PDF文件的名称应该是独一无二不能有重的。本程序通过随机函数来命名生成的PDF文件。本程序的缺点就是，每次运行都会在服务器上产生一个PDF文件，如果不及时删除，数量会越来越大，这显然是站点维护者所不愿意看到的。

 

　　2）将PDF文件通过流的形式输送到客户端的缓存。这样做的好处是不会在服务器上留下任何“遗迹”。 

　　i）直接通过JSP页面生成 

<%@

page import="java.io.*,

                      com.lowagie.text.*,

                      com.lowagie.text.pdf.*"

%><%

response.setContentType( "application/pdf" );

Document document = new Document();

ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

PdfWriter.getInstance( document, buffer );

document.open();

document.add(new Paragraph("Hello World"));

document.close();

DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream( response.getOutputStream() );

byte[] bytes = buffer.toByteArray();

response.setContentLength(bytes.length);

for( int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++ ){output.writeByte( bytes[i] );}%>

注意：不能有空格和回车及任何html的东西。

ii）通过Servlet生成 

import java.io.*;

import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

import com.lowagie.text.*;

import com.lowagie.text.pdf.*;

 

 

public class Server_pdf extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

    throws IOException,ServletException

    {

        Document document = new Document(PageSize.A4, 36,36,36,36);

        ByteArrayOutputStream ba = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        try

        {

            PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, ba);

            document.open();

            document.add( new Paragraph( "Hello World" ));

            }

            catch (DocumentException de)

            {

                de.printStackTrace();

                System.err.println( "A Document error:" +de.getMessage());

                }

                document.close();

                response.setContentType( "application/pdf" );

                response.setContentLength(ba.size());

                ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

                ba.writeTo(out);

                out.flush();

                }

    }

<servlet>         <servlet-name>Servlet</servlet-name>             <servlet-class>com.chaozi.Server_pdf</servlet-class>              </servlet>

<servlet-mapping>            <servlet-name>Servlet</servlet-name>              <url-pattern>/Servlet</url-pattern>

 

 

import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

import java.io.*;

import com.lowagie.text.*;

import com.lowagie.text.pdf.*;

 

 

 

 

 

public class FundsRFServlet

    extends HttpServlet {

    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=GBK" ;

    private String printDate = "" ;

    private String orgName = "" ;

    //Initialize global variables

    public void init() throws ServletException {

    }

 

    //Process the HTTP Get request

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws

        ServletException, IOException {

        try {

            String edate = null ;

            String sdate = null ;

            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

            //make a pdf reportTable

            buildFundsRF(baos, sdate, edate);

            // write ByteArrayOutputStream to the ServletOutputStream

            response.setContentType( "application/pdf" );

            response.setContentLength(baos.size());

            ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

            baos.writeTo(out);

            out.flush();

            // this is a workaround for a bug in MSIE

        }

        catch (Exception e2) {

            System.out.println( "Error in " + getClass().getName() + "/n" + e2);

        }

 

    }

 

    //Process the HTTP Put request

    public void doPut(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws

        ServletException, IOException {

        doGet(request, response);

    }

 

    //Clean up resources

    public void destroy() {

    }

 

    public void buildFundsRF(OutputStream os, String sdate, String edate) {

        Document document = new Document(PageSize.A4.rotate(), 20, 20, 20, 20);

        Document.compress = false ;

        try {

            PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, os);

            document.open();

 

            // step 4: we add content to the document

            BaseFont bfChinese = BaseFont.createFont( "STSong-Light" ,

                "UniGB-UCS2-H" , BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);

            Font headFont = new Font(bfChinese, 12, Font.NORMAL);

            Font font = new Font(bfChinese, 10, Font.NORMAL);

 

            PdfPTable table = createFundsTable(sdate, edate);

            PdfPTable table2 = createFundsTable_2(sdate, edate);

 

            Paragraph p1 = new Paragraph(orgName, headFont);

            p1.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);

            p1.setLeading(20.0f);

 

            Paragraph p2 = new Paragraph( "应 收 帐 款" , headFont);

            p2.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);

            p2.setLeading(30.0f);

 

            Paragraph p3 = new Paragraph( "     " , headFont);

            p3.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_RIGHT);

            p3.setLeading(20.0f);

 

            Paragraph p4 = new Paragraph( "日期范围：" + sdate + " 至 " + edate +

                "                                                       " +

                "                                                       " +

                "                                                " +

                "                                            " +

                "列印日期：" +

                printDate, headFont);

            p4.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_RIGHT);

            p4.setLeading(20.0f);

 

            Paragraph p5 = new Paragraph( " " , headFont);

            p5.setLeading(20.0f);

 

            document.add(p1);

            document.add(p2);

            document.add(p3);

            document.add(p4);

            if (table != null ) {

                document.add(table);

            }

            document.add(p5);

            if (table2 != null ) {

                document.add(table2);

            }

        }

        catch (IOException ex) {

        }

        catch (DocumentException ex2) {

            ex2.printStackTrace();

        }

        catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        document.close();

    }

 

    private PdfPTable createFundsTable(String sdate, String edate) {

        BaseFont bfChinese = null ;

        try {

            bfChinese = BaseFont.createFont( "STSong-Light" ,

                                            "UniGB-UCS2-H" ,

                                            BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);

 

            Font headFont = new Font(bfChinese, 12, Font.NORMAL);

            Font font = new Font(bfChinese, 10, Font.NORMAL);

 

            //create   table

            PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable( new float [] {0.2f, 0.25f, 0.1f,

                                            0.1f, 0.25f});

            table.setWidthPercentage(100.0f);

            table.getDefaultCell().setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);

            table.getDefaultCell().setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);

            table.getDefaultCell().setLeading(1.4f, 1.4f);

            table.getDefaultCell().setGrayFill(0.9f);

            table.setHeaderRows(1);

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "用户名" , headFont));

            //table.addCell(new Phrase("e络通SN", headFont));

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "用户帐号" , headFont));

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "充值点数" , headFont));

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "应收金额" , headFont));

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "备   注" , headFont));

 

            table.setSkipFirstHeader( false );

            table.getDefaultCell().setLeading(1.2f, 1.2f);

            table.getDefaultCell().setGrayFill(0.0f);

           

           

            int recTotal = 0;

            float fundsTotal = 0.00f;

 

          

                    table.getDefaultCell().setGrayFill(0.95f);

                    PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell( new Phrase( "合 计" , headFont));

                    cell.setColspan(2);

                    cell.setGrayFill(0.95f);

                    cell.setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);

                    cell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);

 

                    table.addCell(cell);

                    table.addCell( new Phrase(recTotal + "" , headFont));

                    table.addCell( new Phrase(fundsTotal + "" , headFont));

                    table.addCell( new Phrase( "" , headFont));

            return table;

                }

       

             

           

         

        catch (IOException exe) {

        }

        catch (DocumentException ex) {

        }

        return null ;

    }

 

    private PdfPTable createFundsTable_2(String sdate, String edate) {

        BaseFont bfChinese = null ;

        try {

            bfChinese = BaseFont.createFont( "STSong-Light" ,

                                            "UniGB-UCS2-H" ,

                                            BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);

 

            Font headFont = new Font(bfChinese, 12, Font.NORMAL);

            Font font = new Font(bfChinese, 10, Font.NORMAL);

 

            //create   table

            PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable( new float [] {0.2f, 0.25f, 0.1f,

                                            0.1f, 0.25f});

            table.setWidthPercentage(100.0f);

            table.getDefaultCell().setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);

            table.getDefaultCell().setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);

            table.getDefaultCell().setLeading(1.4f, 1.4f);

            table.getDefaultCell().setGrayFill(0.9f);

            table.setHeaderRows(1);

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "经销商编号" , headFont));

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "经销商名称" , headFont));

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "充值点数" , headFont));

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "应收金额" , headFont));

            table.addCell( new Phrase( "备   注" , headFont));

 

            table.setSkipFirstHeader( false );

            table.getDefaultCell().setLeading(1.2f, 1.2f);

            table.getDefaultCell().setGrayFill(0.0f);

          

            int recTotal = 0;

            float fundsTotal = 0.00f;

 

          

                    table.getDefaultCell().setGrayFill(0.95f);

                    PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell( new Phrase( "合 计" , headFont));

                    cell.setColspan(2);

                    cell.setGrayFill(0.95f);

                    cell.setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);

                    cell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);

 

                    table.addCell(cell);

                    table.addCell( new Phrase(recTotal + "" , headFont));

                    table.addCell( new Phrase(fundsTotal + "" , headFont));

                    table.addCell( new Phrase( "" , headFont));

               return table;

                }

           

   

     

        catch (IOException ee) {

        }

        catch (DocumentException exq) {

        }

        return null ;

 

    }

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        FundsRFServlet v = new FundsRFServlet();

        try {

            v.buildFundsRF( new FileOutputStream( "1234.pdf" ), "2003-06-09" ,

                           "2003-06-09" );

        }

        catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {

        }

    }

 

}

 

CSDN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/user/chaozi