观察者模式

观察者模式

    在对象之间定义一对多的依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态，依赖它的对象都会收到通知并自动更新。

设计原则

    封装变化；多用组合，少用继承；针对接口编程，不针对实现编程；为交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力。

示例：气象监测
类图设计

Subject接口

public interface Subject {
	public void registerObserver(Observer o);//注册观察者
	public void removeObserver(Observer o);//移除观察者
	public void notifyObservers();//通知观察者
}

Observer接口

public interface Observer {
	public void update(float mTemperatrue,float mPressure,float mHumidity);
}

Subject实现类WeatherDataSt

public class WeatherDataSt implements Subject{
	
	private float mTemperatrue;//温度
	private float mPressure;//气压
	private float mHumidity;//湿度
	private ArrayList<Observer> mObservers;//观察者集合
	public WeatherDataSt(){
		mObservers=new ArrayList<Observer>();
	}
	
	public float getTemperature(){
		return mTemperatrue;	
	}
	
	public float getPressure(){
		return mPressure;
	}
	
	public float getHumidity(){
		return mHumidity;
	}
	
	public void dataChange(){
		notifyObservers();
	}

	public void setData(float mTemperatrue,float mPressure,float mHumidity){
		this.mTemperatrue=mTemperatrue;
		this.mPressure=mPressure;
		this.mHumidity=mHumidity;
		dataChange();
	}

	@Override
	public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		mObservers.add(o);
	}

	@Override
	public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(mObservers.contains(o))
		{mObservers.remove(o);}
	}

	@Override
	public void notifyObservers() {
		// 遍历观察者集合给所有注册的观察者推送更新数据
		for(int i=0,len=mObservers.size();i<len;i++)
		{
			mObservers.get(i).update(getTemperature(), getPressure(), getHumidity());
		}
	}
}

观察者CurrentConditions

public class CurrentConditions implements Observer {

	private float mTemperatrue;
	private float mPressure;
	private float mHumidity;

	@Override
	public void update(float mTemperatrue, float mPressure, float mHumidity) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.mHumidity = mHumidity;
		this.mPressure = mPressure;
		this.mTemperatrue = mTemperatrue;
		display();
	}

	public void display() {
		System.out.println("***Today mTemperatrue:" + mTemperatrue + "***");
		System.out.println("***Today mPressure:" + mPressure + "***");
		System.out.println("***Today mHumidity:" + mHumidity + "***");
	}
}

观察者ForcastConditions

public class ForcastConditions implements Observer{
	private float mTemperatrue;
	private float mPressure;
	private float mHumidity;
	@Override
	public void update(float mTemperatrue, float mPressure, float mHumidity) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.mTemperatrue=mTemperatrue;
		this.mPressure=mPressure;
		this.mHumidity=mHumidity;
		
		display();
	}
	public void display()
	{
		System.out.println("**明天温度:"+(mTemperatrue+Math.random())+"**");
		System.out.println("**明天气压:"+(mPressure+10*Math.random())+"**");
		System.out.println("**明天湿度:"+(mHumidity+Math.random())+"**");
	}
}

测试InternetWeather             

public class InternetWeather {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		CurrentConditions mCurrentConditions;
		ForcastConditions mForcastConditions;
		WeatherDataSt mWeatherDataSt;
		
		mWeatherDataSt=new WeatherDataSt();
		mCurrentConditions=new CurrentConditions();
		mForcastConditions=new ForcastConditions();
		
		mWeatherDataSt.registerObserver(mCurrentConditions);
		mWeatherDataSt.registerObserver(mForcastConditions);
		
		mWeatherDataSt.setData(30, 150, 40);
		mWeatherDataSt.removeObserver(mCurrentConditions);
		mWeatherDataSt.setData(40, 250, 50);
	}

}

                         

java内置观察者模式

用jdk内置的观察者模式重构项目

WeatherData继承Observable

//Observable是一个类
public class WeatherData extends Observable{
	private float mTemperatrue;
	private float mPressure;
	private float mHumidity;
	
	public float getTemperature(){
		return mTemperatrue;	
	}
	public float getPressure(){
		return mPressure;	
	}
	public float getHumidity(){
		return mHumidity;	
	}
	//notifyObservers(arg)的做法是（push）推，把数据当做对象传输
	//notifyObservers（）的做法是（pull）拉，观察者的数据就得WeatherData对象中获取
	public void dataChange(){
		this.setChanged();//在notifyObservers（）之前一定要调用setChange（）否则会推送失败
		this.notifyObservers(new Data(getTemperature(),getPressure(),getHumidity()));
	}
	
	public void setData(float mTemperatrue,float mPressure,float mHumidity){
		this.mTemperatrue=mTemperatrue;
		this.mPressure=mPressure;
		this.mHumidity=mHumidity;
		dataChange();
	}
	//数据传输对象
	public class Data{
		public float mTemperatrue;
		public float mPressure;
		public float mHumidity;
		public Data(float mTemperatrue,float mPressure,float mHumidity)
		{
			this.mTemperatrue=mTemperatrue;
			this.mPressure=mPressure;
			this.mHumidity=mHumidity;
		}
	}
	
}

CurrentConditions实现Observer接口

public class CurrentConditions implements Observer {
	
	private float mTemperatrue;
	private float mPressure;
	private float mHumidity;
	@Override
	public void update(Observable arg0, Object arg1) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.mTemperatrue=((Data)(arg1)).mTemperatrue;
		this.mPressure=((Data)(arg1)).mPressure;
		this.mHumidity=((Data)(arg1)).mHumidity;
		display();
	}
	
	public void display()
	{
		System.out.println("***Today mTemperatrue:" +mTemperatrue+"***");
		System.out.println("***Today mPressure:" +mPressure+"***");
		System.out.println("***Today mHumidity:" +mHumidity+"***");
	}
	
}

CurrentConditions实现Observer接口

public class ForcastConditions implements Observer  {
	
	private float mTemperatrue;
	private float mPressure;
	private float mHumidity;
	@Override
	public void update(Observable arg0, Object arg1) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.mTemperatrue=((Data)(arg1)).mTemperatrue;
		this.mPressure=((Data)(arg1)).mPressure;
		this.mHumidity=((Data)(arg1)).mHumidity;
		display();
	}
	
	public void display(){
		System.out.println("***Tomorrow mTemperatrue:" +(mTemperatrue+1)+"***");
		System.out.println("***Tomorrow mPressure:" +(mPressure+1)+"***");
		System.out.println("***Tomorrow mHumidity:" +(mHumidity+1)+"***");
	}
	
}

测试InternetWeather

public class InternetWeather {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CurrentConditions mCurrentConditions;
		ForcastConditions mForcastConditions;
		WeatherData mWeatherData;
		 
		mCurrentConditions=new CurrentConditions();
		mForcastConditions=new ForcastConditions();
		mWeatherData=new WeatherData();
		
		mWeatherData.addObserver(mCurrentConditions);
		mWeatherData.addObserver(mForcastConditions);
		mWeatherData.setData(30, 150, 40);
		
		mWeatherData.deleteObserver(mCurrentConditions);
		mWeatherData.setData(35, 150, 60);
		
	}
}