Java继承类与基类：方法名称、属性名称相同

Java中，使用关键词extends，可以使继承类拥有基类的属性和方法，前提条件是基类的属性和方法是public或protected。在此讨论一个特殊情况，如果继承类、基类的属性和方法一样怎么办？

案例一：属性、方法均继承

class Person {
    private String name = "Person";
    public void getName() {
        System.out.println("Class name is :" + this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " ---- property name is :" + name);
    }
}
public class Student extends Person{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.getName();

        Student student = new Student();
        student.getName();//继承类继承了基类的方法

        Person normalStudent = new Student();
        normalStudent.getName();//动态编译，基类引用调用继承类方法
    }
}
/**
 * OUTPUT
 * Class name is :Person ---- property name is :Person
 * Class name is :Student ---- property name is :Person
 * Class name is :Student ---- property name is :Person
 */

案例二、属性名称相同、方法继承基类

class Person {
    private String name = "Person";
    public void getName() {
        System.out.println("Class name is :" + this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " ---- property name is :" + name);
    }
}
public class Student extends Person{
    private String name = "Student";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.getName();

        Student student = new Student();
        student.getName();//继承类继承了基类的方法

        Person normalStudent = new Student();
        normalStudent.getName();//动态编译，基类引用调用继承类方法
    }
}
/**
 * OUTPUT
 * Class name is :Person ---- property name is :Person
 * Class name is :Student ---- property name is :Person
 * Class name is :Student ---- property name is :Person
 */

对比案例一、案例二发现，属性名称相同没产生任何变化。继承类的属性被隐藏，通过继承获取的方法，始终只会对基类的属性进行操作。Java中属性不支持重写。道理也很合理，如果连属性都能重写，就违背了封装、安全的初衷。如果继承类的方法会更改属性值，本来是打算更改基类属性，结果却更改了继承类属性，就乱了。

案例三、方法重写、属性名称相同

class Person {
    private String name = "Person";
    public void getName() {
        System.out.println("Class name is :" + this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " ---- property name is :" + name);
    }
}
public class Student extends Person{
    private String name = "Student";
    public void getName() {
        System.out.println("Class name is :" + this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " ---- property name is :" + name);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.getName();

        Student student = new Student();
        student.getName();//继承类重写基类的方法

        Person normalStudent = new Student();
        normalStudent.getName();//动态编译，基类引用调用继承类方法
    }
}
/**
 * OUTPUT
 * Class name is :Person ---- property name is :Person
 * Class name is :Student ---- property name is :Student
 * Class name is :Student ---- property name is :Student
 */

案例三中，继承类重写了getName方法，并且激活继承类的name属性(通过操作name属性的方式)。