HandlerThread源码分析

HandlerThread 是一个包含 Looper 的 Thread，我们可以直接使用这个 Looper 创建 Handler。对Handler机制不甚了解的朋友，可以去阅读我的另一篇博文：Handler机制。
HandlerThread源码：

import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Process;
public class HandlerThread extends Thread {
    int mPriority;
    int mTid = -1;
    Looper mLooper;

    public HandlerThread(String name) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
    }

    //设置线程名称和指定线程的优先级
    public HandlerThread(String name, int priority) {
        super(name);
        mPriority = priority;
    }

    // 子类需要重写的方法，在这里做一些执行前的初始化工作
    protected void onLooperPrepared() {}

    //获取当前线程的 Looper
    //如果线程不是正常运行的就返回 null
    //如果线程启动后，Looper 还没创建，就 wait() 等待 创建 Looper 后 notify
    public Looper getLooper() {
        if (!isAlive()) {
            return null;
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {    //循环等待
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
        return mLooper;
    }

    //调用 start() 后就会执行的 run()
    @Override
    public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();            //帮我们创建了 Looepr
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll();    //Looper 已经创建，唤醒阻塞再获取 Looper 的线程
        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();        //开始循环
        mTid = -1;

    }

    public boolean quit() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quit();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public boolean quitSafely() {
        Looper looper = getLooper();
        if (looper != null) {
            looper.quitSafely();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public int getThreadId() {
        return mTid;
    }
}

从源码中可以看出，HandlerThread继承于Thread，当调用HandlerThread实例的start（）方法时，就是启动一个线程，run() 方法里的逻辑代码就会被执行。

 public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();            //帮我们创建了 Looepr
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll();    //Looper 已经创建，唤醒阻塞再获取 Looper 的线程
        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();        //开始循环
        mTid = -1;
    }

run（）函数中。最关键的部分是获取本线程的looper，并调用可能被子类重载的onLooperPrepared()方法。
为了便于理解，利用HandlerThread，我写了一个实现多个下载任务的demo。

继承于HandlerThread的DownloadThread

package com.zrp.myhandlerthread;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.text.format.DateUtils;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class DownloadThread extends HandlerThread implements Handler.Callback {

    private final String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();
    private final String KEY_URL = "url";
    public static final int TYPE_START = 1;
    public static final int TYPE_FINISHED = 2;

    private Handler mWorkerHandler;
    private Handler mUIHandler;
    private List<String> mDownloadUrlList;

    public DownloadThread(final String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onLooperPrepared() {    //重载HandlerThread的onLooperPrepared（）方法，执行初始化任务
        super.onLooperPrepared();
        mWorkerHandler = new Handler(getLooper(), this);    //使用子线程中的 Looper
        if (mUIHandler == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not set UIHandler!");
        }

        //将接收到的任务消息挨个添加到消息队列中
        for (String url : mDownloadUrlList) {
            Message message = mWorkerHandler.obtainMessage();
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString(KEY_URL, url);
            message.setData(bundle);
            mWorkerHandler.sendMessage(message);
        }
    }

    public void setDownloadUrls(String... urls) {
        mDownloadUrlList = Arrays.asList(urls);
    }

    public Handler getUIHandler() {
        return mUIHandler;
    }

    //注入主线程 Handler
    public DownloadThread setUIHandler(final Handler UIHandler) {
        mUIHandler = UIHandler;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * 子线程中执行任务，完成后发送消息到主线程
     *
     * @param msg
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean handleMessage(final Message msg) {
        if (msg == null || msg.getData() == null) {
            return false;
        }

        String url = (String) msg.getData().get(KEY_URL);

        //下载开始，通知主线程
        Message startMsg = mUIHandler.obtainMessage(TYPE_START, "\n 开始下载 @" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "\n" + url);
        mUIHandler.sendMessage(startMsg);

        SystemClock.sleep(2000);    //模拟下载

        //下载完成，通知主线程
        Message finishMsg = mUIHandler.obtainMessage(TYPE_FINISHED, "\n 下载完成 @" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "\n" + url);
        mUIHandler.sendMessage(finishMsg);

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean quitSafely() {
        mUIHandler = null;
        return super.quitSafely();
    }
}

MainActivity：

package com.zrp.myhandlerthread;

import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Handler.Callback{
    TextView mTvStartMsg;
    TextView mTvFinishMsg;
    Button mBtnStartDownload;

    private Handler mUIHandler;
    private DownloadThread mDownloadThread;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initViews();
        init();
    }

    private void initViews() {
        mTvStartMsg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_start_msg);
        mTvFinishMsg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_finish_msg);
        mBtnStartDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_start_download);
    }

    private void init() {
        mUIHandler = new Handler(this);
        mDownloadThread = new DownloadThread("DownloadThread");
        mDownloadThread.setUIHandler(mUIHandler);
        mDownloadThread.setDownloadUrls("http://pan.baidu.com/s/1qYc3EDQ",
                "http://bbs.005.tv/thread-589833-1-1.html",
                "http://list.youku.com/show/id_zc51e1d547a5b11e2a19e.html?");
    }

    public void startDownload(View v) {
        mDownloadThread.start();
        mBtnStartDownload.setText("正在下载");
        mBtnStartDownload.setEnabled(false);
    }

    //主线程中的 Handler 处理消息的方法
    @Override
    public boolean handleMessage(final Message msg) {
        switch (msg.what) {
            case DownloadThread.TYPE_FINISHED:
                mTvFinishMsg.setText(mTvFinishMsg.getText().toString() + "\n " + msg.obj);
                mBtnStartDownload.setText("下载完成");
                break;
            case DownloadThread.TYPE_START:
                mTvStartMsg.setText(mTvStartMsg.getText().toString() + "\n " + msg.obj);
                break;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

MainActivity的布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="8dp">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_start_msg"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="200dp"
        android:text="下载开始信息"/>

    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1dp"
        android:background="@color/colorAccent"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_finish_msg"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="200dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:text="下载完成信息"/>

    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1dp"
        android:background="@color/colorAccent"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_start_download"
        android:onClick="startDownload"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:text="开始下载"/>
</LinearLayout>