linux网络配置学习

linux网络配置

一、linux网络配置方式

1. sysconfig

​ 路径：/etc/sysconfig/network-script/
​ 这里面有很多的各种子接口的配置

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-br0     ifdown-eth   ifdown-routes    ifup-bnep  ifup-plusb     ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-br1     ifdown-ib    ifdown-sit       ifup-eth   ifup-post      ifup-wireless
ifcfg-enp1s0  ifdown-ippp  ifdown-Team      ifup-ib    ifup-ppp       init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-enp2s0  ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ippp  ifup-routes    network-functions
ifcfg-lo      ifdown-isdn  ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ipv6  ifup-sit       network-functions-ipv6
ifdown        ifdown-post  ifup             ifup-isdn  ifup-Team
ifdown-bnep   ifdown-ppp   ifup-aliases     ifup-plip  ifup-TeamPort

需要注意的是编辑完成后需要执行 service network restart才能生效；

2./etc/rc.local启动脚本配置

这种方式系统起来后通过运行脚本对网络进行配置；
NOTE:第二种脚本方式用起来很方便，但是有个硬伤，service network restart对应rc.local里面的网络配置点是 不会进行执行的，因此我们不推荐在rc.local里面运行

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/rc.local 
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
dhclient br1
~

二、详细配置说明：

sysconfig网络配置主要点

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.10.1
PREFIX=16
DNS1=192.168.10.1
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=no

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-enp1s0 
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none  /*none static dhcp是那种方式*/
NAME=enp1s0
UUID=df903812-a7cf-4680-ab0d-a00a094cb54c
DEVICE=enp1s0
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0    /* 将enp1s0加入br0桥接口 */
NM_CONTROLLED=yes  /* 该字段的含义主要是标明是否被network manager控制，yes为控制则启动后会被配置运行，曾经遇到dhcp无法获取的问题，因为没有配置该配置导致 */

命令方式配置

IP地址配置和查看

• 接口配置情况查看

ifconfig

• 静态配置ip地址

ipconfig enp1s0 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.0.0  /* 静态配置enp1s0的ip地址 */

• 动态获取ip地址

dhclient br1  /* br1口动态获取ip地址 */

vlan配置

ip link add link enp1s0 name enp1s0.6 type vlan id 6

通过创建子接口的方式，放行对应的配置vlanid的接口，但是从实际验证看linux自身支持带tag的报文通过对应接口

路由配置

• 路由查看配置

[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.30.102.1    0.0.0.0         UG    426    0        0 br1
10.10.0.1       0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    425    0        0 br0
172.30.102.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     425    0        0 br1
172.30.103.0    172.30.102.1    255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 br1
172.30.255.50   172.30.102.1    255.255.255.255 UGH   425    0        0 br1
192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     425    0        0 br0
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0

• 添加路由

route add -net 172.30.103.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.30.102.1

ARP查看

arp -a