shell脚本正则表达式案例

案例

• （1）显示/etc/passwd 文件中以bash结尾的行

[root@bogon ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep bash$
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

• （2）找出/etc/passwd文件中的三位数或四位数

[root@bogon ~]# grep '[0-9]\{3,4\}' /etc/passwd
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-ws:x:996:993:User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-wsinstance:x:995:992:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:994:990:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:993:989::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
rngd:x:992:988:Random Number Generator Daemon:/var/lib/rngd:/sbin/nologin
nginx:x:991:987:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
chen:x:1000:1000::/home/chen:/bin/bash
[root@bogon ~]# grep ':[0-9]\{3,4\}:' /etc/passwd
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-ws:x:996:993:User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-wsinstance:x:995:992:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:994:990:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:993:989::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
rngd:x:992:988:Random Number Generator Daemon:/var/lib/rngd:/sbin/nologin
nginx:x:991:987:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
chen:x:1000:1000::/home/chen:/bin/bash

• （3）找出chen1文件中，以至少一个空白字符开头，后面又跟了非空白字符的行

[root@bogon ~]# cat chen1
a 
 11111
   1111
    111
1   

   111
[root@bogon ~]# egrep '^ +.*' chen1
 11111
   1111
    111
   111

• （4）找出"netstat -tan"命令的结果中，以“LISTEN”后跟0个或多个以空白字符结尾的行

[root@bogon ~]# netstat -tan | grep 'LISTEN.* \{0,\}$'
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN   

• （5）找出系统中用户的用户名与shell名相同的用户

[root@bogon ~]# grep '^\(.*\):.*\1$' /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

• （6）找出"fdisk -l"命令的结果中，包含/dev/nvme0n1p1和/dev/nvme0n1p2

[root@bogon ~]# fdisk -l | egrep '/dev/nvme0n1p(1|2)'
/dev/nvme0n1p1 *       2048  2099199  2097152   1G 83 Linux
/dev/nvme0n1p2      2099200 41943039 39843840  19G 8e Linux LVM

• （7）找出"ldd /usr/bin/cat"命令的结果中的文件路径

[root@bogon ~]# ldd /usr/bin/cat
	linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcee1c2000)
	libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fe88fee3000)
	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fe8904ae000)
[root@bogon ~]# ldd /usr/bin/cat | grep /lib64/ | awk -F" " '{print $(NF-1)}'
/lib64/libc.so.6
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

• （8）找出/proc/meminfo文件中，所有以大写或小写s开头的行

[root@bogon ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep ^[sS].*
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       2097148 kB
SwapFree:        2097148 kB
Shmem:              8876 kB
Slab:             104716 kB
SReclaimable:      39532 kB
SUnreclaim:        65184 kB
ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB

• （9）找出ifconfig命令结果中1-255之间的整数

[root@bogon ~]# ifconfig | grep "inet " | tr -s " " | cut -f3 -d" "
192.168.150.136
127.0.0.1

• （10）显示当前系统上root，nginx或者chen用户的相关信息

[root@bogon ~]# cat /etc/passwd | egrep '(root|nginx|chen)'
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
nginx:x:991:987:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
chen:x:1000:1000::/home/chen:/bin/bash