shell脚本之sed精炼例题--让你更懂sed

例题
1.请实现sed取不连续的行

[root@bogon ~]# sed -n '1p;3p;5p' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

2.第一行到第五行后，替换reboot为shutdown

[root@bogon ~]# sed -e '1,5d' -e '=' -e 's/root/chen/g' passwd
6
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10
operator:x:11:0:operator:/chen:/sbin/nologin
11
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13
nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin
14
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
15
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
16
systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/sbin/nologin
17
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
18
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
19
libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
20
......

4.把/etc/passwd复制到/root/test.txt，用sed打印所有行；

[root@bogon ~]# cp /etc/passwd /root/test.txt
[root@bogon ~]# sed -n 'p' /root/test.txt 
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-ws:x:996:993:User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-wsinstance:x:995:992:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:994:990:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:993:989::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
rngd:x:992:988:Random Number Generator Daemon:/var/lib/rngd:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
nginx:x:991:987:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
chen:x:1000:1000::/home/chen:/bin/bash

5.打印test.txt的三行到十行

[root@bogon ~]# sed -n '3,10p;=' /root/test.txt 
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
3
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
4
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
5
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
6
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
7
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
8
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
9
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
10

6.打印test.txt中包含’root’的行

[root@bogon ~]# sed -n '/root/ p' /root/test.txt 
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

7.删除test.txt的15行以及以后所有的行

[root@bogon ~]# sed -i '15,$ p;=' /root/test.txt 
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
15
systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/sbin/nologin
16
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
17
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
18
libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
19
cockpit-ws:x:996:993:User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
20
cockpit-wsinstance:x:995:992:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
21
sssd:x:994:990:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
22
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
23
chrony:x:993:989::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
24
rngd:x:992:988:Random Number Generator Daemon:/var/lib/rngd:/sbin/nologin
25
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
26
nginx:x:991:987:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
27
chen:x:1000:1000::/home/chen:/bin/bash
28
[root@bogon ~]# sed -n '15,$ d' /root/test.txt 

8.删除test.txt中包含’bash’行

[root@bogon ~]# sed -i '/bash/ p' /root/test.txt 
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
chen:x:1000:1000::/home/chen:/bin/bash
[root@bogon ~]# sed -i '/bash/ d' /root/test.txt 

9.替换test.txt中’/sbin/nologin’为’/bin/login’(使用%，#，@等特殊符号来充当边界符)

[root@bogon ~]# sed -i 's%/sbin/nologin%/bin/login% p' test.txt 
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/login
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/login
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/login
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/login
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/login
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/login
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/bin/login
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/bin/login
nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/bin/login
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/bin/login
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/bin/login
systemd-resolve:x:193:193:systemd Resolver:/:/bin/login
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/bin/login
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/bin/login
libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/bin/login
cockpit-ws:x:996:993:User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/bin/login
cockpit-wsinstance:x:995:992:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/bin/login
sssd:x:994:990:User for sssd:/:/bin/login
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/bin/login
chrony:x:993:989::/var/lib/chrony:/bin/login
rngd:x:992:988:Random Number Generator Daemon:/var/lib/rngd:/bin/login
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/bin/login
nginx:x:991:987:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/bin/login

10.删除test.txt中所有行行中的所有数字

[root@bogon ~]# sed 's/[0-9]*//g' test.txt
root:x:::root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:::bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:::daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:::adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:::lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:::sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:::shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:::halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:::mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:::operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:::games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:::FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:::Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:::System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-coredump:x:::systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:x:::systemd Resolver:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:::Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:::User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:::daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-ws:x:::User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-wsinstance:x:::User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:::User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:::Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x::::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
rngd:x:::Random Number Generator Daemon:/var/lib/rngd:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:::Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
nginx:x:::Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
chen:x::::/home/chen:/bin/bash

11.删除test.txt中所有特殊字符（除了数字以及大小写字母）

[root@bogon ~]# sed -n 's/[^[:alnum:]]//g p' test.txt

12.在test.txt文件20行到最末行的最前面加aaa

[root@bogon ~]# sed -n '20,$ s/^/aaa/ p' test.txt 
aaacockpit-ws:x:996:993:User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
aaacockpit-wsinstance:x:995:992:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
aaasssd:x:994:990:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
aaasshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
aaachrony:x:993:989::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
aaarngd:x:992:988:Random Number Generator Daemon:/var/lib/rngd:/sbin/nologin
aaaapache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
aaanginx:x:991:987:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin
aaachen:x:1000:1000::/home/chen:/bin/bash

13.删除centos7系统中/etc/grub2.cfg文件中所有以空白开头的行行首的空白字符

[root@bogon ~]# sed -n 's/^ // p' /etc/grub2.cfg 
 load_env -f ${config_directory}/grubenv
 load_env
  set default="${next_entry}"
  set next_entry=
  save_env next_entry
  set boot_once=true
  set default="${saved_entry}"
 menuentry_id_option="--id"
 menuentry_id_option=""
 set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
 save_env saved_entry
 set prev_saved_entry=
 save_env prev_saved_entry
 set boot_once=true
 if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
   saved_entry="${chosen}"
   save_env saved_entry
 fi
 if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
   insmod all_video
 else
   insmod efi_gop
   insmod efi_uga
   insmod ieee1275_fb
   insmod vbe
   insmod vga
   insmod video_bochs
   insmod video_cirrus
 fi
 set timeout_style=menu
 set timeout=5
 set timeout=5
 set last_boot_ok=1
 set last_boot_ok=0
 set boot_indeterminate=0
 set boot_indeterminate=2
 if [ "${menu_show_once}" ]; then
   unset menu_show_once
   save_env menu_show_once
   set timeout_style=menu
   set timeout=60
 elif [ "${menu_auto_hide}" -a "${last_boot_ok}" = "1" ]; then
   set orig_timeout_style=${timeout_style}
   set orig_timeout=${timeout}
   if [ "${fastboot}" = "1" ]; then
     # timeout_style=menu + timeout=0 avoids the countdown code keypress check
     set timeout_style=menu
     set timeout=0
   else
     set timeout_style=hidden
     set timeout=1
   fi
 fi
 source ${prefix}/user.cfg
 if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then
   set superusers="root"
   export superusers
   password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD}
 fi
 search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='hd0,msdos1'  81928cce-7b66-4681-83a6-09b459b74157
 search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 81928cce-7b66-4681-83a6-09b459b74157
 search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=boot --hint='hd0,msdos1'  81928cce-7b66-4681-83a6-09b459b74157
 search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=boot 81928cce-7b66-4681-83a6-09b459b74157
 source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
 source $prefix/custom.cfg;

14.删除/tec/fstab文件中不以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符

[root@bogon ~]# sed -nr 's/^# {1,}// p' /etc/fstab 
/etc/fstab
Created by anaconda on Sun Jan 10 17:56:35 2021
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
units generated from this file.

15.在centos6系统中/etc/install.log每一行的行首增加#号

[root@bogon ~]# sed -n 's/^/#/g' /root/install.log

16.在/etc/fstab文件中使不以#开头的行加上#号

[root@bogon ~]# sed -nr 's/^[^#]/#/ p' /etc/fstab 
#dev/mapper/cl-root     /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
#UID=81928cce-7b66-4681-83a6-09b459b74157 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
#dev/mapper/cl-swap     swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

17.利用sed取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPV4地址

[root@bogon ~]# ifconfig | sed -nr '/inet / s/.*et(.*)ne.*/\1/ p' 
	192.168.150.136  
	127.0.0.1