Es6新特性
Es6新特性
模板字符串
传统字符串用法
const str = 'hello world this is a string'
模板字符串
const str = `hello world this is a \`string\``
console.log(str)//hello world this is a `string`
const str = `hello world
this is a \`string\``
console.log(str )
//输出 hello world
this is a \`string\`
const name = 'tony'
constr str = ` hey,${name}`
console.log(str)//hey,tony
带标签的模板字符串
let data = console.log`hello world`
console.log(data)//["hello world"]
const name = 'tom'
const gender = true
function dealData(strings){
console.log(strings)//['hey ,', ' is a', '.']//用嵌入的表达式作为分隔符
}
dealData`hey , ${name} is a ${gender} .`
const name = 'tom'
const gender = true
function dealData(strings,name,gender){
console.log(strings)//['hey ,', ' is a', '.']//用嵌入的表达式作为分隔符
console.log(name,gender)//tom true
}
const result = dealData`hey , ${name} is a ${gender} .`
console.log(result)
const name = 'tom'
const gender = true
function dealData(strings,name,gender){
//return '1243'
const sex = gender ? 'man' : 'woman'
return strings[0] + name + strings[1] + sex+ strings[2]
//目的是对模板字符串进行加工,让返回的结果更适合用户的阅读
// hey ,tom is a true.
}
const result = dealData`hey , ${name} is a ${gender} .`
console.log(result)//1243
字符串扩展方法
includes startwith endwith
const msg ='Error foo is not defined .'
console.log(msg.includes('foo'))
console.log(msg.startwith('error'))
console.log(msg.endwith('.'))
参数默认值
//在形参的后面加一个等于号设置默认值
function foo(fo,bar = true) {//如果参数较多的情况下,只能放在最后一位
console.log(false)//false 以为传入的实参是false,不是undefined或者没有传递
}
foo(false)//没有传递实参,或者实参是undefined才会被使用
剩余参数
function foo(...args){
console.log(args)//[1,2,3,4]
}
foo(1,2,3,4)
function foo(first,...args){
console.log(args)//[2,3,4]
}
foo(1,2,3,4)
展开数组
const arr = ['foo','bar','styring']
console.log(...arr)//foo bar styring
对象字面量
var bar = '124'
var obj = {
name:'toney',
bar //bar:bar
}
console.log(obj.bar)
var obj1 = {
name:'toney',
bar ,//bar:bar
//method:functiion(){
// console.log(this)
//},
method(){
console.log(this)
}
}
console.log(obj1.method())
Object.assign
将源对象的属性赋值到目标对象中去
var target = {
a:'121',
b:'212'
}
var source= {
a:'1211',
c:'111'
}
var source1= {
a:'1212',
d:'111'
}
var result = Object.assign(target , source, source1)
console.log(result )
//{
// a:'1212',
// b:'212',
// c:'111',
// d:'111'
//}
console.log(result == target )//true
Object.is
console.log(Object.is(+0,-0))//false
console.log(Object.is(Nan,Nan))//true
Proxy
代理对象
监视某个对象中的属性读写
可以使用ES5的Object.defineProperty为对象添加属性,Vue使用这个实现数据相应,从而实现数据的双向绑定
Proxy专门为了给对象设置访问代理器的
var person = {
name:'tony',
age:20
}
//第一个参数是代理的处理对象,
const personProxy = new Proxy(person,{
//第一个参数代表目标对象,第二个是访问的属性名
get(target, property){//监视属性的访问
//console.log(target, property)
//return 100
return property in target ? target[property ] : 'default'
},
//第一个参数代表目标对象,第二个是写入的属性名称,第三个地表写入的值
set(target, property, value){//监视属性设置
//{name:'tony',age:20} gender true
//console.log(target, property, value)
if(property == 'age'){
if(!Number.isInteger(value)){/如果value不是Number类型报错
throw new Error (`${value} is not a int`)
}
}
target[property ] = value//给代理目标设置专门的属性
}
})
personProxy.gender = true
//{name:'tony',age:20} name
console.log(personProxy.name)//100
Proxy与Object.defineProperty的区别
Proxy的功能更为强大
Object.defineProperty只能监听对象属性的读写,而Proxy不仅能监听对象的读写
还能监听到更多对象操作,例如delete操作或者对象中方法的调用等
var person ={
name:'ceshi',
age:20
}
const proxy = new Proxy(person, {
deleteProperty(person, property){
console.log(person,property)
delete person[property]
}
})
delete proxy.name
console.log(person )
Proxy 更好支持数组对象的监视
let list = []
const listProxy = new Proxy(list,{
set(target, property, value){
console.log(target, property, value)
target[property] = value
return true
}
})
listProxy.push(100)
// [] "0" 100
// [100] "length" 1
//get方法走了两边,set方法走了两边。因为push方法其实做了两步,第一是再length出加上push的值,第二是把length加一,所以走了两边。
Proxy是以非侵入的方式监管对象的读写
已经定义好的对象,不需要对对象做任何的操作就可以实现监听
var person ={}
Object.defineProperty(person,'name',{
get(){
console.log('name被访问')
return person._name
},
set(value){
console.log('name被设置')
person._name = value
}
})
Object.defineProperty(person,'age',{
get(){
console.log('age被访问')
return person._age
},
set(value){
console.log('age被设置')
person._age = value
}
})
person.name = 'jack'
console.log(person)
Relect
ES6提供的一个静态类,是一个内置对象,统一对象操作Api
不能通过new构建一个实例对象,只能调用静态类里的静态方法Relect.get()去调用
内部封装了一系列对对象的底层操作(13个静态方法)
内部成员方法是Proxy处理对象的默认实现
const person = {
name:'tony',
age:20
}
const personProxy = new Proxy(person, {
get(target, property){
return Reflect.get(target, property)
}
})
console.log(personProxy.name)
const person = {
name:'tony',
age:20
}
console.log('name' in person)
console.log(Reflect.has(person,'name'))
console.log(delete person['name'])
console.log(Reflect.deletePorperty(person,'name'))
consoe.log(Obejct.keys(person))
consoe.log(Reflect.ownKeys(person))
class
function Person(name){
this.name = name
}
Person.prototype.say = function(){
console.log(`this is a name called ${this.name}`)
}
class Person{
constuctor(name){
this.name = name
}
say(){
console.log(`this is a name called ${this.name}`)
}
}
const p = new Person('tony')
console.log(p.say())
静态方法
class Person{
constuctor(name){
this.name = name
}
say(){
console.log(`this is a name called ${this.name}`)
},
static create(name){
return new Person(name)
}
}
const p = new Person('tony')
const tom = Person.create('tom')
//静态方法是挂载到类型上的,所以this不会指向实例对象,而是当前的类型
console.log(p.say())
console.log(tom.say())
继承 extends
可以集成对象中相似属性
class Person{
constuctor(name){
this.name = name
}
say(){
console.log(`this is a name called ${this.name}`)
}
}
class Student extends Person{
constuctor(name,number){
super(name)
this.number = number
}
hello(){
super()
console.log(`this is a age called ${this.number}`)
}
}
const p = new Student ('tony',21)
console.log(p.hello())//连同person一起被打印
set数据集合
类数组,没有重复的数据
const set = new Set()
set.add(1).add(2).add(3).add(2)
console.log(set)//Set {1, 2, 3}
set.forEach(i => console.log(i))//1 2 3
for(var i of set){
console.log(i)
}
console.log(set.size)
console.log(set.has(100))
console.log(set.delete(3))
set.clear()
const arr = [1,2,4,5,6,3,1]
const s = new Set(arr)
Array.from(s)
[...s]
map
类对象,和传统的对象一样,都是键值对集合,但是传统对象 键只能是字符串
let obj = {}
obj[true] = 'val1'
obj[1243] = 'val2'
obj[{a:1}] = 'val3'
console.log(Object.keys(obj))//['1243','true','object object']
console.log(obj['object object'])//val3
const m = new Map()
const tom = {tn : 90}
m.set(tom, 200)
console.log(m)
console.log(m.get({tn : 90}))
console.log(m.has({tn : 90}))
console.log(m.delete({tn : 90}))
m.clear()
m.forEach((val, key) => {
console.log(val, key)
})
与对象最大的区别是可以用任意类型作为键
Symbol
一种全新的数据类型
之前之前的字符串可以重复,从而导致冲突
const obj = {}
//a.js
obj['foo'] = Math.random()
//b.js
obj['foo'] = '123'
console.log(obj)
//表示独一无二的值
const s = Symbol()
console.log(s)//Symbol()
console.log(typeof s)//Symbol
console.log(Symbol() === Symbol() )//false
console.log(Symbol('foo'))
console.log(Symbol('bar'))
console.log(Symbol('baz'))
const obj1= {}
obj1[Symbol()] = '123'
obj1[Symbol()] = '456'
console.log(obj1)
const obj2= {
[Symbol()] : '789'
}
console.log(obj2)
const name = Symbol()
const obj3 ={
[name]:'012',
say(){
console.log(this[name])
}
}
console.log(obj3.say())
//主要用处是为对象添加一个独一无二的属性值
如果要实现相同的Symbol,可以使用提供的静态方法实现 for
const s1 = Symbol.for('foo')
const s2 = Symbol.for('foo')
console.log(s1===s2)
但是这个方法内部维护的是字符串和Symbol的对应方式,传入的不是字符串方法内容会自动转换为字符串
Symbole.for(true) = Symbole.for('true')
const obj = {
[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'XObject'
}
console.log(obj.toString()//[object XObject]
Symbol类型的属性名,通过常规的方法无法获取
const obj = {
[Symbol()]:'symbol value',
foo:'normal value'
}
for(var key in obj ){
console.log(obj[key])//foo
}
console.log(Object.keys(obj ))//foo
console.log(JSON.stringify(obj ))//{'foo':'normal value'}
可以用它作为私有属性
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertySymbol(obj))
for of循环
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]
for(const item of arr ){
console.log(item )
}
for(const item of arr ){
console.log(item )
if(item>2){
break;//可以随时终止循环
}
}
//除了数组还可以用来遍历类数组类对象的数据
const newArr = new Set(['foo', 'bar'])
for(const item of newArr ){
console.log(item)//'foo' 'bar'
}
const m = new Map()
m.set('foo', '123')
m.set('bar', '456')
for(const [key, val] in m){
console.log(key, val)//foo 123 bar 456
}
const newM = {foo:'123',bar:'456'}
for(const item of newM ){
console.log(item)//普通的对象会报错不可迭代
}
可迭代接口
实现可迭代接口是for of 使用的前提
数组,类数组,类对象,他们都有共同的属性,可以通过展开内部的原型对象看到
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]
const it = arr[Symbol.iterator]()
//内部有一个数据指针,我们每调用一次,指针就会向后面移一位
console.log(it.next())//{value:1,done:false}不断的去遍历 done代表是否遍历结束
console.log(it.next())//{value:2,done:false}
console.log(it.next())//{value:3,done:false}
console.log(it.next())//{value:4,done:false}
console.log(it.next())//{value:undefined,done:true}
console.log(it.next())//{value:undefined,done:true}
实现可迭代接口
const obj = {
[Symbol.iterator]:function(){//实现可迭代接口,iterable可迭代接口约定内部必须有定义一个返回iterator的接口
return {
next:function(){//实现了迭代器接口iterator接口,约定了内部必须有个next方法
return{//返回的对象,叫做iterationResult
value:'foo',
done:true
}
}
}
}
}
for(const item of obj ){
console.log('循环体')
]
const obj = {
store:[1, 2, 3, 4],
[Symbol.iterator]:function(){//实现可迭代接口,iterable可迭代接口约定内部必须有定义一个返回iterator的接口
let index = 0;
let _this = this
return {
next:function(){//实现了迭代器接口iterator接口,约定了内部必须有个next方法
let result = {//返回的对象,叫做iterationResult
value:_this.store[index],
done:index>= _this.store.length
}
index++
return result
}
}
}
}
for(const item of obj ){
console.log(item )
]
iterator 迭代器模式
const obj = {
learn:["语文","数学","英语"],
life:["吃饭","睡觉","学习"],
each:function(callback){
let arr = [].concat(this.learn,this.life)
for(const item of arr){
callback(item)
}
},
[Symbol.iterator]:function(){
let index = 0;
let _this = this
let arr = [...this.learn,...this.life]
return {
next:function(){
return {
value:arr [index],
done:index++ >= arr .length
}
}
}
}
}
obj.each(function(item){
console.log(item)
})
console.log("---------")
//迭代器模式,是向外部提供一个统一遍历接口,让外部不用去关系内部数据的结构
for(const item of obj){
console.log(item )
}
生成器 Generator
避免异步回调编程中嵌套太深
提供更好的异步编程解决方案
生成器函数,在function后面添加一个*号
function * fun(){
console.log("111")
return 100
}
const g = fun()
console.log(g)//输出了生成器对象,对象的原型上有一个next方法
console.log(g.next())//111 {value:100.done:true}
function * foo(){
console.log("111")
yield 100
console.log("222")
yield 200
console.log("333")
yield 300
}
const f = fun()
console.log(f.next())//111 {value:100.done:false}
console.log(f.next())//222 {value:200.done:false}
console.log(f.next())//333 {value:300.done:false}
console.log(f.next())//undefined {value:undefined.done:true}
生成器使用
function * createId (){
let id = 1
while(true){
yield id ++
}
}
const c = createId ()
console.log(c.next().value)
console.log(c.next().value)
console.log(c.next().value)
console.log(c.next().value)
ES2016
inclues
传统寻找数组是否函数某个元素使用indexOf
includes
const arr = [1,"string",NaN,undefined,null,Symbol(),true]
console.log(arr.indexOf(1))//但是不能用于NaN
console.log(arr.includes(NaN))//true
指数运算符
const num = Math.pow(2,10)
console.log(num)//2的10次方
console.log(2 ** 10)//2的10次方
ES2017
Object.values()
获取value 和 Object.keys()对应
Object.entries()
//有点类似于这个功能
const m = new Map()
m.set(‘foo’, ‘123’)
m.set(‘bar’, ‘456’)
for(const [key, val] in m){
console.log(key, val)//foo 123 bar 456
}
const obj = {
name:‘tony’,
age:20
}
for(const [key, val] in Object.entries(obj ){
console.log(key, val)//foo 123 bar 456
}