spring data jpa介绍
PA(Java Persistence API)是Sun官方提出的Java持久化规范。它为Java开发人员提供了一种对象/关联映射工具来管理Java应用中的关系数据。他的出现主要是为了简化现有的持久化开发工作和整合ORM技术,结束现在Hibernate,TopLink,JDO等ORM框架各自为营的局面。值得注意的是,JPA是在充分吸收了现有Hibernate,TopLink,JDO等ORM框架的基础上发展而来的,具有易于使用,伸缩性强等优点。
自定义SQL查询
Spring data 觉大部分的SQL都可以根据方法名定义的方式来实现,但是由于某些原因我们想使用自定义的SQL来查询,spring data也是完美支持的;在SQL的查询方法上面使用@Query注解,如涉及到删除和修改在需要加上@Modifying.
public interface CustomerRepository extends JpaRepository<Customer, Integer>{
@Modifying
@Query("update Customer c set c.customerName=?1 where c.id=?2")
Integer modifyByIdAndUserId(String customerName,Integer id);
@Modifying
@Query("delete from Customer where id = ?1")
void deleteByCustomerId(Integer id);
}
注意当调用自定义更新和删除sql操作时,会出现下面的异常
org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Executing an update/delete query; nested exception is javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryUtils.convertJpaAccessExceptionIfPossible(EntityManagerFactoryUtils.java:396)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(HibernateJpaDialect.java:227)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.translateExceptionIfPossible(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:527)
at org.springframework.dao.support.ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.java:61)
at org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(DataAccessUtils.java:242)
at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:153)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor$CrudMethodMetadataPopulatingMethodInterceptor.invoke(CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor.java:135)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
at org.springframework