继续并发,上篇博客对于ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor没有进行介绍,说过会和Timer一直单独写一篇Blog.
1、Timer管理延时任务的缺陷
a、以前在项目中也经常使用定时器,比如每隔一段时间清理项目中的一些垃圾文件,每个一段时间进行数据清洗;然而Timer是存在一些缺陷的,因为Timer在执行定时任务时只会创建一个线程,所以如果存在多个任务,且任务时间过长,超过了两个任务的间隔时间,会发生一些缺陷:下面看例子:
Timer的源码:
- public class Timer {
- /**
- * The timer task queue. This data structure is shared with the timer
- * thread. The timer produces tasks, via its various schedule calls,
- * and the timer thread consumes, executing timer tasks as appropriate,
- * and removing them from the queue when they're obsolete.
- */
- private TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();
- /**
- * The timer thread.
- */
- private TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);
public class Timer {
/**
* The timer task queue. This data structure is shared with the timer
* thread. The timer produces tasks, via its various schedule calls,
* and the timer thread consumes, executing timer tasks as appropriate,
* and removing them from the queue when they're obsolete.
*/
private TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();
/**
* The timer thread.
*/
private TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);
TimerThread是Thread的子类,可以看出内部只有一个线程。下面看个例子:
- package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
- import java.util.Timer;
- import java.util.TimerTask;
- public class TimerTest
- {
- private static long start;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
- {
- TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "
- + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
- try
- {
- Thread.sleep(3000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- };
- TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "
- + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
- }
- };
- Timer timer = new Timer();
- start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- timer.schedule(task1, 1000);
- timer.schedule(task2, 3000);
- }
- }
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class TimerTest
{
private static long start;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
try
{
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}
};
Timer timer = new Timer();
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
timer.schedule(task1, 1000);
timer.schedule(task2, 3000);
}
}
定义了两个任务,预计是第一个任务1s后执行,第二个任务3s后执行,但是看运行结果:
- task1 invoked ! 1000
- task2 invoked ! 4000
task1 invoked ! 1000
task2 invoked ! 4000
task2实际上是4后才执行,正因为Timer内部是一个线程,而任务1所需的时间超过了两个任务间的间隔导致。下面使用ScheduledThreadPool解决这个问题:
- package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
- import java.util.TimerTask;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest
- {
- private static long start;
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- /**
- * 使用工厂方法初始化一个ScheduledThreadPool
- */
- ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool = Executors
- .newScheduledThreadPool(2);
- TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- try
- {
- System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "
- + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
- Thread.sleep(3000);
- } catch (Exception e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- };
- TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "
- + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
- }
- };
- start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task1, 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
- newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task2, 3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
- }
- }
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest
{
private static long start;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
/**
* 使用工厂方法初始化一个ScheduledThreadPool
*/
ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool = Executors
.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
try
{
System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}
};
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task1, 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task2, 3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
输出结果:
- task1 invoked ! 1001
- task2 invoked ! 3001
task1 invoked ! 1001
task2 invoked ! 3001
符合我们的预期结果。因为ScheduledThreadPool内部是个线程池,所以可以支持多个任务并发执行。
2、Timer当任务抛出异常时的缺陷
如果TimerTask抛出RuntimeException,Timer会停止所有任务的运行:
- package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.Timer;
- import java.util.TimerTask;
- public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
- {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
- {
- final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- throw new RuntimeException();
- }
- };
- final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- System.out.println("task2 invoked!");
- }
- };
- Timer timer = new Timer();
- timer.schedule(task1, 100);
- timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, new Date(), 1000);
- }
- }
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
throw new RuntimeException();
}
};
final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked!");
}
};
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task1, 100);
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, new Date(), 1000);
}
}
上面有两个任务,任务1抛出一个运行时的异常,任务2周期性的执行某个操作,输出结果:
- task2 invoked!
- Exception in thread "Timer-0" java.lang.RuntimeException
- at com.zhy.concurrency.timer.ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01$1.run(ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01.java:24)
- at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:512)
- at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:462)
task2 invoked!
Exception in thread "Timer-0" java.lang.RuntimeException
at com.zhy.concurrency.timer.ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01$1.run(ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01.java:24)
at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:512)
at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:462)
由于任务1的一次,任务2也停止运行了。。。下面使用ScheduledExecutorService解决这个问题:
- package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.Timer;
- import java.util.TimerTask;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
- {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
- {
- final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- throw new RuntimeException();
- }
- };
- final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- System.out.println("task2 invoked!");
- }
- };
- ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
- pool.schedule(task1, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
- pool.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, 0 , 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
- }
- }
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
throw new RuntimeException();
}
};
final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked!");
}
};
ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
pool.schedule(task1, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
pool.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, 0 , 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
代码基本一致,但是ScheduledExecutorService可以保证,task1出现异常时,不影响task2的运行:
- task2 invoked!
- task2 invoked!
- task2 invoked!
- task2 invoked!
- task2 invoked!<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...</span>
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...</span>
3、Timer执行周期任务时依赖系统时间
Timer执行周期任务时依赖系统时间,如果当前系统时间发生变化会出现一些执行上的变化,ScheduledExecutorService基于时间的延迟,不会由于系统时间的改变发生执行变化。
上述,基本说明了在以后的开发中尽可能使用ScheduledExecutorService(JDK1.5以后)替代Timer。
好了,如果博客中存在错误,请留言指出~