单向链表与双向循环链表

单链表操作

大纲

链表形式
单项,双向
带头(头节点不存有效数据),不带头
循环,不循环

组合起来有:2x2X2=8种组合方式

核心⭐

  • TIPS:通过指针的修改,都是通过形参和实参同时指向一块区域,通过形参简介修改实参,而对于形参本身的赋值,删除无法影响到实参本身;若要修改实参本身,只能通过二级指针的方式;
  • 如果有可能第一个节点会发生改变,那就要传二级指针(带头节点可以不传)

1-链表的建立

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef struct _list {
	int num;
	struct _list* next;
}list;
list* build();
int main() {
	list* head;
	head = build();
	Print_Stu_Doc(head);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
struct _list* build() {
	int val;
	list* head, * tail;
	head = tail = NULL;
	scanf("%d", &val);
	if (-1 == val) {
		return head;
	}
	while (-1 != val) {
		list* p = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));
          		p->num = val;
		p->next = NULL;
		if (NULL == head) {
			head = p;
		}
		else tail->next = p;
		tail = p;
		scanf("%d", &val);

	}
	return head;
}
1.1head,tail,p相关问题

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head,tail,p属于三个不同的地址,即便三者指向同一区域,三者互不影响;

head=tail=NULL;
head=p; 
tail=p
	p->num = val;
	p->next = NULL;
	if (NULL == head) {
		head = p;
	}
	else tail->next = p;
	tail = p;
	scanf("%d", &val);

由于tail和head同时指向同一个指针域;tail->next所修改的是tail和head同时指向的指针域,也会影响到head->next;

在这里,第一步赋值时候;

head=p; 
tail=p

在这里由于head和tail不是同一指针,所以对tail=p;进行修改不会影响到head;

2-链表的打印

void list_print(list* head);
void list_print(list* head) {
	list * ptr;
	if (head == NULL) {
		printf("No Records\n");
		return;
	}
	for (ptr = head; ptr; ptr = ptr->next)
		printf("%d ", ptr->num);
	printf("\n");
}

3-链表的插入

3.1 尾插法

要改变头指针,传二级指针,不改变头指针,传一级指针

int main() {
     ...........
	list_pushback(&head, 5);
     .......
}
void list_pushback(list** pplist, int val);
void list_pushback(list** pplist, int val) {
	list* newnode = newchain(val);
	if (NULL == *pplist) {//判断是否为空指针
		*pplist = newnode;
	}
	else {
		list* tail = *pplist;
		while (tail->next) {//定位到尾
			tail = tail->next;
		}
		tail->next = newnode;
	}
}

函数:值的传递,并对值进行操作:

一级指针的值:所指向的数据

二级指针的值:所指向的二级指针

3.1.1一级指针无法对空链表进行尾插问题

(实则是函数实参形参问题)

void list_pushback(list* plist, int val) {
	list* newnode = newchain(val);
	if (NULL == plist) {
		plist = newnode;
	}
	else {
		list* tail = plist;
		while (tail->next) {//定位到尾
			tail = tail->next;
		}
		tail->next = newnode;
	}
}

如果使用一级指针,那么当传入的plist为空的时候,对形参plist的修改无法影响到实参,故无法成功尾插;

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//当为非空指针的时候,是通过tail指向和实参plist一样的区域,在对tail->next赋值的同时修改了实参plist->next指向区域的值!

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当head是空时,我们要让实参head被赋值(newcode),是修改head本身

当head不是空时,我们修改的他next指向的值,是修改head里的指针

3.2 头插法
void list_pushfront(list** pplist, int val)

void list_pushfront(list** pplist, int val) {
	list* newcode = newchain(val);
	newcode->next = *pplist;
	*pplist = newcode;
}

头插法即便头指针是空,也能照场头插;

//newcode->next=*pplist(NULL)
3.3 单项链表的节点后插入
void list_insertafter(list* node, int x);
//链表节点后插入  (对于单项链表,节点前前插需要传头地址,效率低麻烦,多不使用)
void list_insertafter(list* node, int x) {
	assert(node);//断言,防止node是空   <assert.h>
	list *next =newchain(x);
	next->next = node->next;
	node->next = next;
}

4-链表的删除

4.1 尾删法
void list_popback(list**pplist);

void list_popback(list**pplist) {
	if ( *pplist== NULL)return;
	else if ((*pplist)->next == NULL) {
		free(*pplist);
		*pplist = NULL;
	}
	else {
		list* pre = NULL;
		list* tail = *pplist;
		while (tail->next) {
			pre = tail;
			tail = tail->next;
		}
		free(tail);//动态删除空间
		tail = NULL;
		pre->next = NULL;
	}
}

一级指针无法处理没有节点,或者只有一个节点的情况;

只有一个节点时,不存在pre,故无法通过pre使plist指向NULL;

//形参本身=NULL的修改无法影响到实参

4.2 头删法
void list_popfront(list** pplist);
void list_popfront(list** pplist) {
	if (*pplist == NULL) {
		return;
	}
	else {
		list* next = (*pplist)->next;//保存头节点的下一个地址;
		free(*pplist);              //便于free掉内存
		*pplist = next; //也可以解决*pplist只有一个节点的问题(直接等于*pplist->next(NULL))
	}
}
4.3 单向节点的后删除
void list_popafter(list* node);
//链表节点后删  (对于单项链表,节点前前删需要传头地址,效率低麻烦,多不使用)
void list_popafter(list* node) {
	list* next = node->next;
	if (next) {
		node->next = next->next;
		free(next);
		next = NULL;
	}
}

5-链表的查找

list* list_find(list* head, int x);
list* list_find(list* head, int x) {
	list* cur = head;
	while (cur) {
		if (x == cur->num)return cur;
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}
5.1查找兼具修改功效

代码如下 👇

list* node = list_find(head, 2);
if (node) {
	printf("找到了\n");//查找兼具修改作用
	node->num = 20;
}
else {
	printf("没找到\n");
}

运行如下👇

6-链表的反转

6.1 三指针遍历
void list_reverse(list** head);
void list_reverse(list** head) {
	if (*head == NULL || (*head)->next == NULL)return;
	list* n1 = NULL, *n2 = (*head), *n3 = (*head)->next;
	while (n2) {
		n2->next = n1;//反转
		n1 = n2;//遍历
		n2 = n3;
		if (n3)n3 = n3->next;
	}
	*head = n1;
}
6.2 新链表头插法
void list_reverse2(list** head);
void list_reverse2(list** head) {
	list* newh = NULL, * next = *head;
	while (next) {
		list* p = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));
		p->num = next->num;
		p->next = newh;
		newh = p;
		next = next->next;
	}
	*head = newh;
}

C解法

typedef int SLTDateType;
typedef struct SListNode
{
	SLTDateType data;
	struct SListNode* next;
}SListNode;

// 动态申请一个节点
SListNode* BuySListNode(SLTDateType x) {
	SListNode* new = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode));
	return new;
}
// 单链表打印
void SListPrint(SListNode* plist) {
	SListNode* cur = plist;
	while (cur) {
		printf("%d -", cur->data);
	}
	
}
// 单链表尾插
void SListPushBack(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x) {
	SListNode* new = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode));
	SListNode* head = *pplist;
	new->data == x; new->next = NULL;
	if (head == NULL);
	*pplist = new;
	while (head)head = head->next;
	head->next = new;
}
// 单链表的头插
void SListPushFront(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x) {
	SListNode* new = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode));
	new->data == x;
	new->next == *pplist;
}
// 单链表的尾删
void SListPopBack(SListNode** pplist) {
	SListNode* head = *pplist;
	if (head == NULL||head->next==NULL); return;
	while (head->next)head = head->next;
	free(head->next);
	head->next == NULL;
}
// 单链表头删
void SListPopFront(SListNode** pplist) {
	if (*pplist == NULL)return; 
	SListNode* cur = *pplist;
	if ((*pplist)->next == NULL)* pplist == NULL;
	*pplist = ( * pplist)->next;
	free(cur);
}
// 单链表查找
SListNode* SListFind(SListNode* plist, SLTDateType x) {
	SListNode* cur = plist;
	int flag = 1;
	while (cur) {
		if (cur->data == x) { printf("Find !"); flag = 0; break; }
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	if (flag)printf("Not Find");
}
// 单链表在pos位置之后插入x
// 分析思考为什么不在pos位置之前插入?
void SListInsertAfter(SListNode* pos, SLTDateType x) {
	SListNode* new = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode));
	new->data = x;
	if (pos->next->next) {
		new->next = pos->next->next;
		pos->next = new;
	}
	else {
		new->next = NULL;
		pos->next = new;
	}
}
// 单链表删除pos位置之后的值
// 分析思考为什么不删除pos位置?
void SListEraseAfter(SListNode* pos) {
	SListNode* cur = pos->next;
	if (pos->next)pos->next = pos->next->next;
	free(cur);
}
// 单链表的销毁
void SListDestroy(SListNode* plist) {
	while (plist) {
		SListNode* p = plist;
		plist = plist->next;
		free(p);
	}
}]()

双向链表

双向循环链表

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初始化,创建新链表

typedef struct ListNode {
	int val;
	struct ListNode *next;
	struct ListNode* prev;
}LTNode;
LTNode* ListInit();//初始化新链表  带头
LTNode* NewList(int x);//创建新链表
void ListPushBAck(LTNode* phead, int x);
void PrintNode(LTNode* phead);

LTNode* ListInit() {
	LTNode* guard = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
	if (guard == NULL) {
		perror("malloc fail");
		exit(-1);
	}
	guard->next = guard; 
	guard->prev = guard;
	return guard;
}

LTNode* NewList(int x) {
	LTNode* node = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
	if (node == NULL) {
		perror("node malloc fail");
		exit(-1);
	}

	node->next = NULL;
	node->prev = NULL;
	node->val = x;
	return node;
}

打印

void PrintNode(LTNode* phead) {
	LTNode* cur;
	cur  =phead->next;
	printf("phead<->");
	while (cur != phead) {
		printf("%d<->", cur->val);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	printf("\n");
}

头插与尾插

void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, int x) {//头插
	LTNode* LastHead = phead->next;
	LTNode* NewList = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
	NewList->val = x;

	NewList->next = LastHead;
	LastHead->prev = NewList;
	phead->next = NewList;
	NewList->prev = phead;
     //ListInsert(phead->next, x);插入代码实现头插
}
void ListPushBAck(LTNode* phead, int x) {//尾插
//	assert(phead);
	LTNode* newnode = NewList(x);
	LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
	tail->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = tail;
	
	newnode->next = phead;
	phead->prev = newnode;
     //ListInsert(phead, x);插入代码实现尾插
}

头删与尾删

bool NullList(LTNode* phead) {//判断链表是否为空
	return phead->next == phead;
}

void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead) {//头删
	if (NullList(phead)) { printf("空链表!\n"); return; }
	LTNode* first = phead->next;
	LTNode* second = first->next;
	phead->next = second;
	second->prev = phead;
	free(first);
     //ListErase(phead->next);复用删除代码实现头删
}

void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead) {//尾删
	if (NullList(phead)) { printf("空链表!\n"); return; }
	LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
	LTNode* tailpre = tail ->prev;
	tailpre->next = phead;
	phead->prev = tailpre;
	free(tail);
     //ListErase(phead->prev);复用删除代码实现尾删
}

插入

void ListInsert( LTNode* pos,int x) {
      assert(pos);
	LTNode * ret=NewList(x);
	LTNode* prev = pos->prev;
	prev->next = ret;
	ret->prev = prev;

	ret->next = pos;
	pos->prev = ret;
}

删除

void ListErase(LTNode* pos) {//pop不可是guard
	LTNode* pre, * next;
	assert(pos);
	pre = pos->prev;
	next = pos->next;

	pre->next = next;
	next->prev = pre;
	free(pos);
}

链表的插入和删除能够实现尾插头插

链表的销毁

void Destory(LTNode* phead);//链表的销毁
void Destory(LTNode* phead) {
	assert(phead);
	LTNode *cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead) {
		LTNode* next = cur->next;
		free(cur);
		cur = next;
	}
	free(cur);
}
Destory(c);//
c = NULL;//手动滞空节点C

= pos->prev;
prev->next = ret;
ret->prev = prev;

ret->next = pos;
pos->prev = ret;

}


### 删除

```c
void ListErase(LTNode* pos) {//pop不可是guard
	LTNode* pre, * next;
	assert(pos);
	pre = pos->prev;
	next = pos->next;

	pre->next = next;
	next->prev = pre;
	free(pos);
}

链表的插入和删除能够实现尾插头插

链表的销毁

void Destory(LTNode* phead);//链表的销毁
void Destory(LTNode* phead) {
	assert(phead);
	LTNode *cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead) {
		LTNode* next = cur->next;
		free(cur);
		cur = next;
	}
	free(cur);
}
Destory(c);//
c = NULL;//手动滞空节点C
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