Struts入门
Struts2是一个基于MVC设计模式的Web应用框架，它本质上相当于一个servlet，在MVC设计模式中，Struts2作为控制器(Controller)来建立模型与视图的数据交互。
Struts 2是Struts的下一代产品，是在 struts 1和WebWork的技术基础上进行了合并的全新的Struts 2框架。其全新的Struts 2的体系结构与Struts 1的体系结构差别巨大。
1.环境搭建：
Struts的环境搭建实在mavmen的项目基础上的pox.xml里面加上的Struts的依赖加载jar包：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.5.13</version>
</dependency>
之后再导入我们的Struts的配置文件
Struts.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- Struts框架自带的核心类的配置 -->
<include file="struts-default.xml"></include>
<!-- 配置struts全局设置 -->
<include file="struts-base.xml"></include>
<!-- 将系统开发的每一个模板分门别类。便于模块的action的寻找 -->
<include file="struts-sy.xml"></include>
</struts>
struts-base.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.i18n.reload" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
<package name="base" extends="struts-default" abstract="true">
<global-allowed-methods>regex:.*</global-allowed-methods>
</package>
</struts>
struts-sy.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 相对mvc的差异性
package:用来将一类子控制进行分类
http://localhost:8080/T237_struts/sy/user_list.action
中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
extends:包的继承
*的含义
*代表任意方法，只要前台浏览匹配/user_*这一个是，那么user_add中，*代表了add
-->
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
</package>
</struts>
然后就是配置我们的web.xml了:
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
struts动态调用方法
先写好的我们的控制器，UserAction,在里面写四个测试方法：
package com.web;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
public String list() {
System.out.println("查询所有"+SUCCESS);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String add() {
System.out.println("增加");
return SUCCESS;
}
public String edit() {
System.out.println("修改");
return SUCCESS;
}
public String del() {
System.out.println("删除");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
之后就是设置Struts-sy.xml配置中了：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 相对mvc的差异性
package:用来将一类子控制进行分类
http://localhost:8080/T237_struts/sy/user_list.action
中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
extends:包的继承
*的含义
*代表任意方法，只要前台浏览匹配/user_*这一个是，那么user_add中，*代表了add
-->
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
<action name="/user_*" class="com.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
之后就是我们的测试页面了（test.jsp）:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
动态调用方法成功
</body>
</html>
测试地址栏为：http://localhost:8080/T237_struts/sy/user_list.action
得到结果为下图：
jsp传值到后台的三种方式：
1.set传参
2.实现modeldriven接口传参（自定义mvc的做法）
3.类实例，属性传参
首先我们创建一个user类：
package com.entity;
public class User {
private String uname;
private String pwd;
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public User(String uname, String pwd) {
super();
this.uname = uname;
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public User() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [uname=" + uname + ", pwd=" + pwd + "]";
}
}
再去创建一个控制器DemoAction：
package com.web;
import com.entity.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
/**
* jsp传输参数到后台的三种方式
* 1.set传参
* 2.实现modeldriven接口传参（自定义mvc的做法）
* 3.类实例，属性传参
* @author 125x
*
*/
public class DemoAction implements ModelDriven<User> {
private String sex;
private User user1=new User();
private User user2;
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public User getUser2() {
return user2;
}
public void setUser2(User user2) {
this.user2 = user2;
}
/**
* set是否传参成功
* @return
*/
public String test1() {
System.out.println(sex);
return "rs";
}
/**
* modeldriven接口传参是否成功
* @return
*/
public String test2() {
System.out.println(user1);
return "rs";
}
/**
* 类实例，属性传参是否成功
* @return
*/
public String test3() {
System.out.println(user2);
return "rs";
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return user1;
}
}
上面的搞完之后就是我们的Struts-sy.xml配置了;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 相对mvc的差异性
package:用来将一类子控制进行分类
http://localhost:8080/T237_struts/sy/user_list.action
中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
extends:包的继承
*的含义
*代表任意方法，只要前台浏览匹配/user_*这一个是，那么user_add中，*代表了add
-->
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
<action name="/user_*" class="com.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="demo_*" class="com.web.DemoAction" method="{1}">
<result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
之后就我们的测试页面demo1.jsp：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>讲解传参的三种方式</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/sy/demo_test1.action?sex=nv">测试一</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test2.action?uname=zs&&pwd=123">测试二</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test3.action?user2.uname=zs&&user2.pwd=123">测试三</a>
</body>
</html>
之后就是结果集页面了rs.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
结果页面
</body>
</html>
得到的最后集结果
后台传值到jsp的方式（struts与tomcat的集成）：
控制器TomcatAction：
package com.web;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.entity.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ServletContextAwareConfigurationProvider;
/**
* 讲解Struts与Tomcat容器交互(将后台数据传到jsp)
* 1.注入
* 耦合 使用
* 解耦
* 2.非注入
* 耦合 使用
* 解耦
*
* 上面是为了获取request对象I
1、传参可以使用request对象进行传参
2、struts特有的传参方式，叫做值栈传参
换个说法就是，只要该action有get方法，那么它就能直接在结果集中获取参数值
* @author 125x
*
*/
public class TomcatAction implements ModelDriven<User>,ServletRequestAware/*RequestAware*/{
private HttpServletRequest request;
private String sex;
private User user1=new User();
private User user2;
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public User getUser2() {
return user2;
}
public void setUser2(User user2) {
this.user2 = user2;
}
/**
* mvc：
* HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp
* @return
*/
public String demo() {
//HttpServletRequest request=ServletActionContext.getRequest();
//request.setAttribute("rs", "测试非注入耦合方式");
// request.setAttribute("rs", "测试注入耦合方式");
//注入的解耦方法
// ActionContext Context=ActionContext.getContext();
// HttpServletRequest request=(HttpServletRequest) Context.get("request的全路径名");
//非注入的解耦方法
return "rs";
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return user1;
}
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request=request;
}
/*@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
this.request=(HttpServletRequest) request.get("request的全路径名");
}
*/
}
配置Struts-sy.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 相对mvc的差异性
package:用来将一类子控制进行分类
http://localhost:8080/T237_struts/sy/user_list.action
中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
extends:包的继承
*的含义
*代表任意方法，只要前台浏览匹配/user_*这一个是，那么user_add中，*代表了add
-->
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
<action name="/user_*" class="com.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="demo_*" class="com.web.DemoAction" method="{1}">
<result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="tomcat_*" class="com.web.TomcatAction" method="{1}">
<result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
测试页面：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>讲解传参的三种方式</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/sy/demo_test1.action?sex=nv">测试set传参</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test2.action?uname=zs&&pwd=123">modeldriven接口传参</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test3.action?user2.uname=zs&&user2.pwd=123">类实例，属性传参</a>
<h3>讲解Struts与Tomcat容器交互</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/tomcat_demo.action">测试非注入耦合</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/tomcat_demo.action?sex=no">测试Struts特有1</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/tomcat_demo.action?uname=zs&&pwd=123">测试Struts特有2</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/tomcat_demo.action?user2.uname=zs&&user2.pwd=123">测试Struts特有3</a>
</body>
</html>
1。测试非注入耦合
2.测试Struts特有1
3。测试Struts特有2
4.测试Struts特有3
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