StringBuilder 常见的线程不安全类

• StringBuilder (线程不安全) -> StringBuffer (线程安全)

StringBuffer 将大部分的操作方法都使用了synchronized关键字来实现线程安全

	@Override
    public synchronized StringBuffer append(Object obj) {
        toStringCache = null;
        super.append(String.valueOf(obj));
        return this;
    }

StringBuilder 如何实现字符串拼接

StringBuilder 继承AbstractStringBuilder

 public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
        if (str == null)
            return appendNull();
        int len = str.length();
        ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
        str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
        count += len;
        return this;
    }

AbstractStringBuilder中的append 方法执行流程：

（1）如果为空会执行appenNull 方法，ensureCapacityInternal方法判断添加后使用字符数是否超出value数组的个数，如果超出则重新扩容（int newCapacity = value.length *2 +2）如果扩容后的newCapacity < 0(表示溢出即超出Integer.MAX_VALUE) 时 newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE.

	private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() {
        int c = count;
        ensureCapacityInternal(c + 4);
        final char[] value = this.value;
        value[c++] = 'n';
        value[c++] = 'u';
        value[c++] = 'l';
        value[c++] = 'l';
        count = c;
        return this;
    }

	private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minimumCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minimumCapacity - value.length > 0)
            expandCapacity(minimumCapacity);
    }

	void expandCapacity(int minimumCapacity) {
        int newCapacity = value.length * 2 + 2;
        if (newCapacity - minimumCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minimumCapacity;
        if (newCapacity < 0) {
            if (minimumCapacity < 0) // overflow
                throw new OutOfMemoryError();
            newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        }
        value = Arrays.copyOf(value, newCapacity);
    }

（2）toString 方法new一个String 将StringBuilder 中的char[] value 中0-count 之间的值传给新创建的String 的value。

	@Override
    public String toString() {
        // Create a copy, don't share the array
        return new String(value, 0, count);
    }

	public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
        if (offset < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
        }
        if (count <= 0) {
            if (count < 0) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
            }
            if (offset <= value.length) {
                this.value = "".value;
                return;
            }
        }
        // Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
        if (offset > value.length - count) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
        }
        this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count);
    }

	public static char[] copyOfRange(char[] original, int from, int to) {
        int newLength = to - from;
        if (newLength < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(from + " > " + to);
        char[] copy = new char[newLength];
        System.arraycopy(original, from, copy, 0,
                         Math.min(original.length - from, newLength));
        return copy;
    }

总结： StringBuilder 使用char[] value 数组存储值，每次调用append 方法时将值填充到value数组中（注意：如果为拼接的值位空时会拼接“null”字符串），如果数组控件不足时会进行扩容扩容比例为（value.length * 2 + 2）数组最大长度为Integer.MAX_VALUE（0x7fffffff）。toString 方法中new 一个String将StringBuilder 中的char[] value 中的0-count 的值转化为new String 中的value。