在由内核执行的几个任务之间有些不是紧急的,在必要情况下他们可以延迟一段时间。一个中断处理程序的几个中断服务例程之间是串行执行的,并且通常在一个中断的处理程序结束前,不应该再次出现这个中断。相反,可延迟中断可以在开中断的情况下执行。
linux中所谓的可延迟函数,包括软中断和tasklet以及通过中作队列执行的函数(这个以后说),软中断的分配是静态的(即值编译时定义),而tasklet的分配和初始化可以在运行时进行。
软中断
软中断所使用的数据结构定义为
- static struct softirq_action softirq_vec[NR_SOFTIRQS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
其中softirq_action类型为一个函数指针,从这里也可以看出,软中断的个数是有限的有NR_SOFTIRQS个,具体的定义如下:
- enum
- {
- HI_SOFTIRQ=0,
- TIMER_SOFTIRQ,
- NET_TX_SOFTIRQ,
- NET_RX_SOFTIRQ,
- BLOCK_SOFTIRQ,
- BLOCK_IOPOLL_SOFTIRQ,
- TASKLET_SOFTIRQ,
- SCHED_SOFTIRQ,
- HRTIMER_SOFTIRQ,
- RCU_SOFTIRQ, /* Preferable RCU should always be the last softirq */
- NR_SOFTIRQS
- };
可以看出,一共10个软中断。
- struct softirq_action
- {
- void (*action)(struct softirq_action *);
- };
软中断的初始化
- /*初始化软中断*/
- void open_softirq(int nr, void (*action)(struct softirq_action *))
- {
- softirq_vec[nr].action = action;
- }
上面函数中,参数nr为softirq_vec[]数组的下标,初始化就是初始化softirq_vec[]数组内容。
初始化了软中断后,要执行,接下来要做的是激活软中断,运用下面函数
- /*激活软中断*/
- void raise_softirq(unsigned int nr)
- {
- unsigned long flags;
- /*保存eflags寄存器IF标志的状态值
- 并禁用本地CPU上得中断*/
- local_irq_save(flags);
- raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
- local_irq_restore(flags);
- }
具体的激活工作由raise_softirq_irqoff函数实现
- /*
- * This function must run with irqs disabled!
- */
- inline void raise_softirq_irqoff(unsigned int nr)
- {
- /*把软中断标记为挂起*/
- __raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
- /*
- * If we're in an interrupt or softirq, we're done
- * (this also catches softirq-disabled code). We will
- * actually run the softirq once we return from
- * the irq or softirq.
- *
- * Otherwise we wake up ksoftirqd to make sure we
- * schedule the softirq soon.
- */
- if (!in_interrupt())
- wakeup_softirqd();/*唤醒本地的内核线程*/
- }
守护线程softirqd就是对软中断的处理
- static int ksoftirqd(void * __bind_cpu)
- {
- /*设置进程状态为可中断*/
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- while (!kthread_should_stop()) {/*不应该马上返回*/
- preempt_disable();
- /*实现软中断中一个关键数据结构是每个
- CPU都有的32位掩码(描述挂起的软中断),
- 他存放在irq_cpustat_t数据结构的__softirq_pending
- 字段中。为了获取或设置位掩码的值,
- 内核使用宏local_softirq_pending,他选择cpu的
- 软中断为掩码*/
- if (!local_softirq_pending()) {/*位掩码为0,标示没有软中断*/
- preempt_enable_no_resched();
- schedule();
- preempt_disable();
- }
- __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
- while (local_softirq_pending()) {
- /* Preempt disable stops cpu going offline.
- If already offline, we'll be on wrong CPU:
- don't process */
- if (cpu_is_offline((long)__bind_cpu))
- goto wait_to_die;
- do_softirq();/*调用软中断处理函数*/
- preempt_enable_no_resched();
- cond_resched();
- preempt_disable();
- rcu_sched_qs((long)__bind_cpu);
- }
- preempt_enable();
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- }
- __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
- return 0;
- wait_to_die:
- preempt_enable();
- /* Wait for kthread_stop */
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
- schedule();
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- }
- __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
- return 0;
- }
下面是软中断的执行
- <pre class="cpp" name="code">/*如果在这样的一个检查点(local_softirq_pending()不为0)
- 检测到挂起的软中断,内核调用下面函数处理*/
- asmlinkage void do_softirq(void)
- {
- __u32 pending;
- unsigned long flags;
- if (in_interrupt())
- return;
- local_irq_save(flags);
- pending = local_softirq_pending();
- if (pending)
- __do_softirq();
- local_irq_restore(flags);
- }</pre>
- <pre></pre>
- <p></p>
- <p>具体由__do_softirq函数实现</p>
- <pre class="cpp" name="code">/*读取本地CPU的软中断掩码并执行与每个设置位
- 相关的可延迟函数,__do_softirq只做固定次数的循环
- 然后就返回。如果还有其余挂起的软中断,那么
- 内核线程ksofirqd将会在预期的时间内处理他们*/
- asmlinkage void __do_softirq(void)
- {
- struct softirq_action *h;
- __u32 pending;
- /*把循环计数器的值初始化为10*/
- int max_restart = MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART;
- int cpu;
- /*把本地CPU(被local_softirq_pending选中的)软件中断的
- 位掩码复制到局部变量pending中*/
- pending = local_softirq_pending();
- account_system_vtime(current);
- /*增加软中断计数器的值*/
- __local_bh_disable((unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0));
- lockdep_softirq_enter();
- cpu = smp_processor_id();
- restart:
- /* Reset the pending bitmask before enabling irqs */
- set_softirq_pending(0);/*清除本地CPU的软中断位图,
- 以便可以激活新的软中断*/
- /*激活本地中断*/
- local_irq_enable();
- h = softirq_vec;
- do {/*根据pending每一位的的设置,执行对应的软中断
- 处理函数*/
- if (pending & 1) {
- int prev_count = preempt_count();
- kstat_incr_softirqs_this_cpu(h - softirq_vec);
- trace_softirq_entry(h, softirq_vec);
- h->action(h);/*执行注册的具体的软中断函数*/
- trace_softirq_exit(h, softirq_vec);
- if (unlikely(prev_count != preempt_count())) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "huh, entered softirq %td %s %p"
- "with preempt_count %08x,"
- " exited with %08x?\n", h - softirq_vec,
- softirq_to_name[h - softirq_vec],
- h->action, prev_count, preempt_count());
- preempt_count() = prev_count;
- }
- rcu_bh_qs(cpu);
- }
- h++;
- pending >>= 1;
- } while (pending);
- local_irq_disable();
- pending = local_softirq_pending();
- if (pending && --max_restart)
- goto restart;
- if (pending)/*如果还有挂起的软中断,唤醒内核线程
- 来处理本地CPU的软中断*/
- wakeup_softirqd();
- lockdep_softirq_exit();
- account_system_vtime(current);
- _local_bh_enable();/*软中断计数器-1,因而重新激活可延迟函数*/
- }</pre>
- <p>到此,linux内核软中断的大致执行和实现基本上分析完了,中间有很多地方没有注释的,主要是考虑到需要别的实现机制以及有的比较易懂。能够自己看懂。</p>
linux中所谓的可延迟函数,包括软中断和tasklet以及通过中作队列执行的函数(这个以后说),软中断的分配是静态的(即值编译时定义),而tasklet的分配和初始化可以在运行时进行。
软中断
软中断所使用的数据结构定义为
- static struct softirq_action softirq_vec[NR_SOFTIRQS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
其中softirq_action类型为一个函数指针,从这里也可以看出,软中断的个数是有限的有NR_SOFTIRQS个,具体的定义如下:
- enum
- {
- HI_SOFTIRQ=0,
- TIMER_SOFTIRQ,
- NET_TX_SOFTIRQ,
- NET_RX_SOFTIRQ,
- BLOCK_SOFTIRQ,
- BLOCK_IOPOLL_SOFTIRQ,
- TASKLET_SOFTIRQ,
- SCHED_SOFTIRQ,
- HRTIMER_SOFTIRQ,
- RCU_SOFTIRQ, /* Preferable RCU should always be the last softirq */
- NR_SOFTIRQS
- };
可以看出,一共10个软中断。
- struct softirq_action
- {
- void (*action)(struct softirq_action *);
- };
软中断的初始化
- /*初始化软中断*/
- void open_softirq(int nr, void (*action)(struct softirq_action *))
- {
- softirq_vec[nr].action = action;
- }
上面函数中,参数nr为softirq_vec[]数组的下标,初始化就是初始化softirq_vec[]数组内容。
初始化了软中断后,要执行,接下来要做的是激活软中断,运用下面函数
- /*激活软中断*/
- void raise_softirq(unsigned int nr)
- {
- unsigned long flags;
- /*保存eflags寄存器IF标志的状态值
- 并禁用本地CPU上得中断*/
- local_irq_save(flags);
- raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
- local_irq_restore(flags);
- }
具体的激活工作由raise_softirq_irqoff函数实现
- /*
- * This function must run with irqs disabled!
- */
- inline void raise_softirq_irqoff(unsigned int nr)
- {
- /*把软中断标记为挂起*/
- __raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
- /*
- * If we're in an interrupt or softirq, we're done
- * (this also catches softirq-disabled code). We will
- * actually run the softirq once we return from
- * the irq or softirq.
- *
- * Otherwise we wake up ksoftirqd to make sure we
- * schedule the softirq soon.
- */
- if (!in_interrupt())
- wakeup_softirqd();/*唤醒本地的内核线程*/
- }
守护线程softirqd就是对软中断的处理
- static int ksoftirqd(void * __bind_cpu)
- {
- /*设置进程状态为可中断*/
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- while (!kthread_should_stop()) {/*不应该马上返回*/
- preempt_disable();
- /*实现软中断中一个关键数据结构是每个
- CPU都有的32位掩码(描述挂起的软中断),
- 他存放在irq_cpustat_t数据结构的__softirq_pending
- 字段中。为了获取或设置位掩码的值,
- 内核使用宏local_softirq_pending,他选择cpu的
- 软中断为掩码*/
- if (!local_softirq_pending()) {/*位掩码为0,标示没有软中断*/
- preempt_enable_no_resched();
- schedule();
- preempt_disable();
- }
- __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
- while (local_softirq_pending()) {
- /* Preempt disable stops cpu going offline.
- If already offline, we'll be on wrong CPU:
- don't process */
- if (cpu_is_offline((long)__bind_cpu))
- goto wait_to_die;
- do_softirq();/*调用软中断处理函数*/
- preempt_enable_no_resched();
- cond_resched();
- preempt_disable();
- rcu_sched_qs((long)__bind_cpu);
- }
- preempt_enable();
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- }
- __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
- return 0;
- wait_to_die:
- preempt_enable();
- /* Wait for kthread_stop */
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
- schedule();
- set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
- }
- __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
- return 0;
- }
下面是软中断的执行
- <pre class="cpp" name="code">/*如果在这样的一个检查点(local_softirq_pending()不为0)
- 检测到挂起的软中断,内核调用下面函数处理*/
- asmlinkage void do_softirq(void)
- {
- __u32 pending;
- unsigned long flags;
- if (in_interrupt())
- return;
- local_irq_save(flags);
- pending = local_softirq_pending();
- if (pending)
- __do_softirq();
- local_irq_restore(flags);
- }</pre>
- <pre></pre>
- <p></p>
- <p>具体由__do_softirq函数实现</p>
- <pre class="cpp" name="code">/*读取本地CPU的软中断掩码并执行与每个设置位
- 相关的可延迟函数,__do_softirq只做固定次数的循环
- 然后就返回。如果还有其余挂起的软中断,那么
- 内核线程ksofirqd将会在预期的时间内处理他们*/
- asmlinkage void __do_softirq(void)
- {
- struct softirq_action *h;
- __u32 pending;
- /*把循环计数器的值初始化为10*/
- int max_restart = MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART;
- int cpu;
- /*把本地CPU(被local_softirq_pending选中的)软件中断的
- 位掩码复制到局部变量pending中*/
- pending = local_softirq_pending();
- account_system_vtime(current);
- /*增加软中断计数器的值*/
- __local_bh_disable((unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0));
- lockdep_softirq_enter();
- cpu = smp_processor_id();
- restart:
- /* Reset the pending bitmask before enabling irqs */
- set_softirq_pending(0);/*清除本地CPU的软中断位图,
- 以便可以激活新的软中断*/
- /*激活本地中断*/
- local_irq_enable();
- h = softirq_vec;
- do {/*根据pending每一位的的设置,执行对应的软中断
- 处理函数*/
- if (pending & 1) {
- int prev_count = preempt_count();
- kstat_incr_softirqs_this_cpu(h - softirq_vec);
- trace_softirq_entry(h, softirq_vec);
- h->action(h);/*执行注册的具体的软中断函数*/
- trace_softirq_exit(h, softirq_vec);
- if (unlikely(prev_count != preempt_count())) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "huh, entered softirq %td %s %p"
- "with preempt_count %08x,"
- " exited with %08x?\n", h - softirq_vec,
- softirq_to_name[h - softirq_vec],
- h->action, prev_count, preempt_count());
- preempt_count() = prev_count;
- }
- rcu_bh_qs(cpu);
- }
- h++;
- pending >>= 1;
- } while (pending);
- local_irq_disable();
- pending = local_softirq_pending();
- if (pending && --max_restart)
- goto restart;
- if (pending)/*如果还有挂起的软中断,唤醒内核线程
- 来处理本地CPU的软中断*/
- wakeup_softirqd();
- lockdep_softirq_exit();
- account_system_vtime(current);
- _local_bh_enable();/*软中断计数器-1,因而重新激活可延迟函数*/
- }</pre>
- <p>到此,linux内核软中断的大致执行和实现基本上分析完了,中间有很多地方没有注释的,主要是考虑到需要别的实现机制以及有的比较易懂。能够自己看懂。</p>