ROLE_USER = 0
ROLE_ADMIN = 1
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
nickname = db.Column(db.String(64), unique = True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique = True)
role = db.Column(db.SmallInteger, default = ROLE_USER)
posts = db.relationship('Post', backref = 'author', lazy = 'dynamic')
def __repr__(self):
return '<User %r>' % (self.nickname)
class Post(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
body = db.Column(db.String(140))
timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
def __repr__(self):
return '<Post %r>' % (self.body)
注意我们还在User类中添加了一个新字段命名为posts,它被定义成一个db.relationship字段,这个字段并非是数据库中实际存在的字段,所以它不在我们的数据库图表中。对于一对多的关联db.relationship字段通常只需要在一边定义。根据这个关联我们可以获取到用户的微博列表。db.relationship的第一个参数表示“many”一方的类名。backref参数定义了一个字段将"many"类的对象指回到"one"对象,就我们而言,我们可以使用psot.author获取到User实例创建一个微博。
数据库的查询:
# get all posts from a user
>>> u = models.User.query.get(1)
>>> print u
<User u'john'>
>>> posts = u.posts.all()
>>> print posts
[<Post u'my first post!'>]
# obtain author of each post
>>> for p in posts:
... print p.id,p.author.nickname,p.body
...
1 john my first post!
# a user that has no posts
>>> u = models.User.query.get(2)
>>> print u
<User u'susan'>
>>> print u.posts.all()
[]
# get all users in reverse alphabetical order
>>> print models.User.query.order_by('nickname desc').all()
[<User u'susan'>, <User u'john'>]
>>>