文件上传的基本操作
1、 表单属性enctype的设置
multipart/form-data和application/x-www-form-urlencoded的区别
FORM元素的enctype属性指定了表单数据向服务器提交时所采用的编码类型,默认的缺省值是“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”。
然而,在向服务器发送大量的文本、包含非ASCII字符的文本或二进制数据时这种编码方式效率很低。
在文件上载时,所使用的编码类型应当是“multipart/form-data”,它既可以发送文本数据,也支持二进制数据上载。
Browser端<form>表单的ENCTYPE属性值为multipart/form-data,它告诉我们传输的数据要用到多媒体传输协议,由于多媒体传输的都是大量的数据,所以规定上传文件必须是post方法,<input>的type属性必须是file。
2、 实现代码
///servlet层
package cn.class3g.servlet;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadBase.FileSizeLimitExceededException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
//1 建立工厂对象
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
factory.setRepository(new File("d:\\temp"));//上传文件到缓存文件夹
//2 得到上传文件解析器
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
upload.setHeaderEncoding("utf-8"); //处理上传文件的乱码
//设定上传文件尺寸
upload.setFileSizeMax(1024*1024);
//3 进行解析 得到存放FileItem的List对象
List<FileItem> list = upload.parseRequest(request);
//4 对List进行迭代处理
for(FileItem item : list){
if(item.isFormField()){//表单普通输入项
String paramName = item.getFieldName();
//String paramValue = item.getString();
String paramValue = item.getString("utf-8");
System.out.println("普通输入项" +paramName +"=" +paramValue);
}else{//上传文件处理
//获取上传文件名
String fileName = item.getName();
//如果文件名中有目录 则去掉目录部分 只保留文件名
fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
System.out.println(fileName);
if(!fileName.equals("")){
fileName =refactorFileName(fileName) ;
System.out.println("filename = " + fileName);
InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
File file = new File("d:\\" +fileName);
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = in.read(buffer))>0){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.flush();
fos.close();
in.close();
request.setAttribute("message", "文件上传成功");
}
}
}
} catch(FileSizeLimitExceededException e1){
e1.printStackTrace();
request.setAttribute("message", "上传文件尺寸太大!!!");
}catch (FileUploadException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
request.setAttribute("message", "文件上传失败");
}
request.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
public String refactorFileName(String fileName){
return UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "_" + fileName;
}
}
/jsp层/
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/servlet/UploadServlet2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
文件1:<input type="file" name="file1"/><br>
文件2:<input type="file" name="file2"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="上传"/><br>
</form>